Beersheba Subdistrict

Beersheba finds mention in the Bible. It was under the Byzantine rule from 4th to 7th century CE before being captured by the Arabs. It was later became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.^[2] Beersheba and Gaza are referred to as "Bilad Ghazzeh" in the records left by Napoleon in the 19th century.^[3] The territory was ruled Arab Bedouin clans, with a documented social structure.^[3][4] The modern city of Beersheba was founded in 1900.^[4] The Arab clans sent soldiers to fight for the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.^[3] The Beersheba district was the largest district during the British Mandate of Palestine and underwent administrative reorganization after the formation of the State of Israel in 1948.^[3][4]

Beersheba is the southernmost sub-district of Israel and one of two sub-districts of the Southern District. Spanning approximately 12,918 km² (4,988 sq mi), it is the largest sub-district by land area, and stretches from central Israel to Eilat in the southern tip.^[5] The largest city is the metropolis of Beersheba. It borders the Aqaba Governorate of Joran, Gaza strip and West Bank of Palestine, and Ashkelon Subdistrict of Israel.^[6]

Beersheba is part of the broader Negev desert, with the city of Beersheba, the largest city in the Israeli Negev.^[7] The region has low rainfall with certain areas receiving 100–300 mm (3.9–11.8 in) of rainfall annually and an annual precipitation less than 100 mm (3.9 in) in the southern part of the region.^[3]

As of 2016, the subdistrict had 703,700 residents.^[1] It had an estimated population of 806,700 in 2021 with the Beersheba metropolis accounting for 211,251 inhabitants.^[5][8] The population today is composed of approximately 75% Jewish and remaining Arabs.^[4] The sub-district hosts almost half of the Negev’s Bedouin population. The Bedouins, who were largely limited to tents in camps in specific areas since 1960, transitioned from traditional pastoral lifestyles to semi-urbanized towns since the 1960s.^[4]