Bengali–Assamese languages
Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group, according to Glottolog, include Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Goalpariya, Hajong, Kewat, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbanshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya, Thar and Surjapuri.
Geographic
distributionBangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
distributionBangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
Early form
| Bengali-Assamese | |
|---|---|
| Gauda–Kamarupa | |
| Geographic distribution | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Early form | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | gaud1237 (Gauda–Kamrupa) |
Languages
Language comparison chart
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Sylheti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beautiful | dhunia, thogua/thouga, xundor/xundar | śundor* | dol | dishar,šundor | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot | ||
| big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor | đôñr | boro, daṅar | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo | ||
| blood | tez | rôkto*, khun*, lohu | lo | lou, rôktô | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, kun* | ||
| bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | fõruţi | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf* | |||
| brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya | bái, bôdda | bhai | bái | bái, báia | ||
| cat | mekuri/meukri/mekur, birali/biroli, biral | biṛal, beṛal, billi, bilai, biṛali | bilai/bilei, miúr | bilai | mekur, bilai | |||
| dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar* | ãdár | añdár, miyonda | andáir | |||
| daughter | zi, mai, aapi, zhia, ziori | maiya/meye, konna*, jhi | zee, maifuā | beti | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi | ||
| day | din, bêla | din, bêla*, roz*, dibôš* | din | din | din | din, ruz* | ||
| dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | kuĩr, kutto | kuñr | atu, kutta | |||
| door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôroja/dôrja*, duar* | duōr, kebar | duar* | duar* | xeir, dorza*, duar* | ||
| earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora*, jahan* | duniye,fithibi, | duniyai* | duniai*, dunia*, zahan* | |||
| egg | koni, dima/dim | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | đim,anḍa | ḍima | andha, dhim | enḍa, ḍim, boida* | |
| elephant | hati/hathi | hati | áti | hati | áñti, háñtih | átti | ||
| eye | soku, sokhu | choukh/chokh, ãkhi, noyon*, chokkhu* | sóg | suk | soku, uki, souk | |||
| father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, pitai/pite/piti*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | bap, abba*, baba, abbu, pita*, waled* | baf, ba,abba | abbá* | baf, bazi | |||
| fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy*, ḍor | đôr | ḍor | ḍor | |||
| finger | aṅuli/aṅli | aṅgul, onguli* | ôuñl | ouñl | aṅguil | |||
| fire | zui, aguni* | aguin/agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon* | ôin* | zui | ooin* | aguin*, nar*, atosh* | ||
| fish | mas | machh | mas | mas | mas | mas, mai* | ||
| food | khüabostu*, khauni, ahar*, khayddo*, khana* | khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar* | hána | hána, háñna | xani | xani | ||
| god | bhogowan*, is(s)or*, deu, probhu*, khuda* | khoda*, isshôr*, bhôgôban*, srishtikorta*, mabud* | khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla | ila*, rob*, ixor* | mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban* | |||
| good | bhal | bhalo/bhala | bála, gôm | bhala | bhal | gom | bála | |
| grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghash, khôṛ (hay) | kér | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš | ||
| hand | hat | hat | át | hat | árt | át | ||
| hand fan | bisoni/biseni/bisni | hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni | bisôin, bisein | bisoin, fanka | ||||
| head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir*, kolla* | mata, hôlla | matá | sir*, xolla*, mata | |||
| heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | (h)ridôy*, ôntôr*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija/koilja | dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr | dil* | dil*, hia | |||
| heart (organ) | hia, dil, amothu | (h)ritpindô*,dil*, kolija/koilja | dil* | gurda | ||||
| horse | ghü̃ra/ghora | ghoṛa | gúṛa | gúñra, gúra | gúṛa | |||
| house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana* | gór | gor, bari | gór, bari, xan* | |||
| hunger | bhük/bhokh | khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk | búk | búk | buk, feto(r) buk | |||
| language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhasha*, buli, jôban/zôban* | hodá* | basha,zúban,buli | raw, bhaṣa* | zoban*, hodá* | mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha* | |
| laughter | hãhi | hashi | aši | haṣi | aši | |||
| life | zion/ziwon, ziu (soul), hayat* | jibôn*, jindegi*, hayat* | zibon,zindegi*,hayat* | zibon | zindegi*, zibon*, hayat* | |||
| moon | zün, sand | chãd/chand, chôndro*, bôdôr*, shôshi* | sãn | san | san | san(d), sondoni | ||
| mother | ma, ai, mai, mao, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai | ma | maö, ai | mai, ai, maizi | |||
| mouth | mukh*, mu- | mukh*, mu(h) | mukh* | muk* | muk* | |||
| name | nam, naü | nam | nam | nam | nam | |||
| night | rati, nixa* | rat/rait, ratri*, shob* | rait | rati | rait | rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot* | ||
| peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti*, aman*, salamôt* | šanti* | ṣanti* | niraii, shanti*, salamôt* | |||
| place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga/jaga/jega*, ṭhai, sthan* | ṭai, zāga* | zega*, tan | ||||
| queen | rani, madoi, patmadoi | rani, shahbanu* | rani | rani | rani | rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu* | ||
| rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron* | dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn | zirani, aram* | ||||
| river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg | dôijja*,dôirge | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi* | |||
| road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok, pôth* | sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot* | |||||
| salt | nimokh*, lün/nun | lôbôn*, nun, nomok* | lôbôn*, lun/nun | nimox*, nun, lobon* | ||||
| sister | bhoni/boini/boni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | apa*, apu/api, boin/bon, didi | bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder) | bóin, buai | ||||
| small | xoru, süto | chhoṭo, pati | guro | huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu | ||||
| son | put, pü, aapa | chhele, putro*, put, po, bêṭa | (morod) fuā, fut | beṭa | fut | fut, fua | ||
| soul | ziu, atma/atta* | atta*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*, jiu | foran*, rû* | ru*, atma*, zaan* | ||||
| sun | beli | shurjo*, shuruj* | beil, šuroz* | beil | suruz*, shurzo* | |||
| ten | doh, dos* | dosh | doš | doṣ | dosh, do | |||
| three | tini | tin | tín | tin | tin | |||
| village | gaü̃ | gram*, gã, gão | geram | gau | ||||
| waist | kõkal/kakal | komor*, maja | keĩl | keñil | xomor*, xaxal | |||
| water | pani | pani, jôl* | fani | pani | pani, zol* | faní | fani, ab*, tam | |
| when | ketia/kitia/kita, kethan/kethen, kesen, ketiyake | kôkhôn, kobe, kon shômôy*, kon bêla | hótte | könbela | kunbala(n->m), kunomoy | |||
| wind | botah/batah | batash*, hawa*, ba/bao, bayu*, bat*, anil* | ába*, bataš* | boyar, batash*, hawa* | ||||
| wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | neṛi kutta | atubag, hial (jackal, fox) | ||||
| woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, chheri | maiye fua,maifuā (soft) | beṭi saöa | beṭi, moíla* | |||
| year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho*, botshor* | bosor | bosor | fira, bosor, son*, shal* | |||
| yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hê/hễ, ji*, agge, hã | ô, ôy | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe | |||
| no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai/nae/nei, noy, non | nô, nôy | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay | |||
| yesterday | kali, züa-kali/zawa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke) | goto* hail, goto* halia | (gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku) | ||||
| English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
Verbs
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika-, fus-, zar- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga- | pũsar ɡor- | ||||
| bite | kamür-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor maeth[4r]bh=['r45t6h[=]uj[kp=r- | kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa- | hõr- | ||||
| blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de-, hu de- | phu deua- | |||||
| breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo- | |||||
| bring | an- | an- | an- | an- | ||||
| can | par- | far- | par- | |||||
| catch | dhor- | dór- | dhôr- | |||||
| come | ah- | a- | aś- | a- | a- | ah- | ||
| count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, isab xor- | gon-, hišab kôr- | |||||
| cry | kand-, kan- | xand-, xan- | kãd- | hãd- | ||||
| cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ- | |||||
| do | kor- | xor- | kôr- | gor- | ɡor- | |||
| die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | môr- | mor- | ||||
| dig | khand- | kur-, kus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | |||||
| drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa-, fia xa-, fi- | kha-, pan kor-, pi- | |||||
| eat | kha- | xa- | kha- | há- | ||||
| fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | |||||
| fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | |||||
| fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mair xor-, xaijja xor- | maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr- | |||||
| float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bai-, bo- | bhaš- | |||||
| flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | |||||
| fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | ur- | ur- | |||
| give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de- | |||||
| go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡe- | za-, zo- | za-, zo- | |||
| happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | ó- | ||||
| hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | un- | ||||
| hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, fiț-, kila- | mar-, kela- | |||||
| kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari de- | mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal- | |||||
| know | zan- | zan- | jan- | |||||
| laugh | hãh- | aś- | haś- | aś- | ||||
| learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | hik- | ||||
| lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait o-, hut- | shuye por- | |||||
| live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zia-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak- | thah- | ||||
| look | sa- | sa- | dekh-, ca-, taka- | sa- | ||||
| open | khul- | kúa- | khol-, khul- | uid-, khúl- | ||||
| play | khel- | xél- | khel- | |||||
| pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan- | |||||
| push | thel- | ṭel-, dekka- | ṭhel- | |||||
| read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | foṛ- | ||||
| run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ- | dũr- | ||||
| say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | |||
| scratch | ãsür- | xawza-, xamsa- | ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca- | |||||
| see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | sa- | ||||
| sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | sia- | śela-, śila | |||||
| sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | ɡa- | ɡa-, gan ga- | |||||
| sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | bo- | ||||
| sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śo-, śu- | ɡhum za- | ||||
| smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũk-, śõk- | ũ- | ||||
| spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf) | thu phel-, thu phal- | |||||
| split | phal- | atra- | bhag kor-, bhang- | |||||
| squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap-, pesh-, cip- | |||||
| stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | thio- | tía- | |||
| stab | khũs-, han- | kus-, gauua- | ||||||
| suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | sua- | chosh-, chush- | |||||
| swell | ful-, fit- | phuler | ||||||
| swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor-, shatra- | |||||
| think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor-, mone kôr- | bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr- | |||||
| throw | dolia- | ița-, iṭa mar- | chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol- | |||||
| tie | bandh- | ban(d)- | bãdh- | |||||
| vomit | bomi kor- | bait xor- | bomi kor- | |||||
| walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ- | ãd- | ||||
| want | lag-, bisar- | maɡ-, sa- | ca- | sa- | ||||
| wash | dhu- | dó- | dho- | dú- | ||||
| wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | moch-, much-, poch-, puch- | |||||
| English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamatapuri | Rohingya | Hajong |