Berdychiv Carmelite Monastery

The Berdychiv Carmelite Monastery began construction in 1634, four years after voivode of Kiev Janusz Tyszkiewicz Łohojski gave a Berdychiv fortress to the Carmelites. It eventually finished construction in 1642. The building was destroyed during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, but later rebuilt.^[1] The monastery became known for its icon, Our Lady of Berdyczow, which was given golden crowns by Pope Benedict XIV on 16 July 1756. The icon became an object of pilgrimage for Polish Catholics, and the monastery also began printing and education programmes during the 18th century.^[2]

Following the partitions of Poland, Berdychiv became part of the Russian Empire, and the monastery's printing and educational programmes were forced to close.^[2] The crowns of the icon were stolen, though it was crowned again by Pope Pius IX in 1854. The monastery was later taken over by the Russian government, and would only be restored shortly after the Russian Revolution. The monastery briefly resumed activities, but was soon taken over by the Soviet government after the only monk at the monastery died in 1926.

World War II

In 1941, shortly before Operation Barbarossa, Our Lady of Berdyczow was destroyed in a fire, along with much of the rest of the monastery.^[3]

An infamous photograph from the Holocaust in Ukraine is believed by researchers to have been made at the monastery. The photo is known as The Last Jew in Vinnitsa, showing an unknown Jewish man—probably on 28 July 1941—about to be shot dead by a member of the Einsatzgruppen, a mobile death squad of the German SS. The victim is kneeling beside a mass grave already containing bodies; behind, a group of SS and Reich Labor Service men watch.^[4] Recent research has suggested that the photograph was probably taken at the abandoned Berdychiv Carmelite Monastery, which can be seen in an alternative print of the photograph, and not in Vinnytsia (Vinnitsa).^[5]