Bertha Benz Memorial Route

Length104 km (65 mi)

Existed25 February 2008–present

Bertha Benz Memorial Route
Bertha Benz Historical Route, South portion in blue, North portion in red, Historical portion in green which more closely aligns to her original journey
Route information
Length	104 km (65 mi)
Existed	25 February 2008–present
Major junctions
Tourist loop
South end	Pforzheim
North end	Mannheim

Location
Country	Germany

Highway system
Roads in Germany Autobahns List Federal List State E-roads

The Bertha Benz Memorial Route is a German tourist and theme route in Baden-Württemberg^[1] and member of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.^[2] It opened in 2008 and follows the tracks of the world's first long-distance road trip by a vehicle powered with an internal combustion engine, in 1888. The trip was taken by Bertha Benz in the world's first automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, created by her husband, Carl Benz.

Bertha Benz's husband, Carl Benz, patented the first automobile designed to produce its own power in January 1886 (Reichspatent Nr. 37435).^[3]^[4]

In early August 1888,^[5] without her husband's knowledge, Bertha Benz, with her sons Richard (aged 14) and Eugen (aged 15), drove in Benz's newly constructed Patent Motorwagen No. 3 automobile from Mannheim to her own birthplace, Pforzheim, becoming the first person to drive an automobile powered with an internal combustion engine over more than a very short distance.^[6] The distance was about 104 km (65 mi). Distances driven before this historic trip were short, being merely trials with mechanical assistants.^[7]^[8]

Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother,^[9] Bertha Benz also had another motive: to show her husband – who had failed to consider marketing his invention adequately – that the automobile would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public.^[10]

On the way, she solved numerous problems. She had to find Ligroin, a solvent available only at pharmacies, to use as fuel.^[11] Thus the still existing Stadt-Apotheke (Town Pharmacy) in Wiesloch, some kilometers south of Heidelberg, became the world's first gas station.^[12] A blacksmith had to help mend a chain in Bruchsal.^[13] Brake linings were replaced in Bauschlott/Neulingen north of Pforzheim.^[14] And Benz had to use a long, straight hatpin to clean a fuel pipe which had become blocked and a garter to insulate a wire.^[15]

Benz and her sons left Mannheim around dawn and reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying Karl of their successful journey by telegram.^[16] They drove back to Mannheim three days later, by a different route.

Along the way, several people were frightened by the automobile, but the novel trip received a great deal of publicity – as she had intended.^[17] The drive was very helpful for Karl Benz, as he was able to introduce several improvements after his wife reported everything that had happened along the way – and she made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills.^[18]

Overview

In 2007 a not-for-profit initiative, led by Edgar and Frauke Meyer, founded two societies, Bertha Benz Memorial Route e.V. and Bertha Benz Memorial Club e.V., to commemorate Bertha Benz and her historic pioneering deed.

On February 25, 2008, the Bertha Benz Memorial Route was officially approved as a Tourist or Scenic Route by the German authorities, a dynamic monument of 194 km of German industrial culture.

The route

Outbound trip

Mannheim to Pforzheim, approx. 104 km (65 mi), southbound (S):

Mannheim, Mannheim-Feudenheim, Ilvesheim, Ladenburg, Schriesheim, Dossenheim, Heidelberg, Leimen, Nußloch, Wiesloch, Mingolsheim, Langenbrücken, Stettfeld, Ubstadt, Bruchsal, Untergrombach, Weingarten, Karlsruhe-Grötzingen, Berghausen, Söllingen, Kleinsteinbach, Wilferdingen, Königsbach, Stein, Eisingen, Pforzheim

Return trip

Pforzheim to Mannheim, approx. 90 km (56 mi), northbound (N):

Pforzheim, Bauschlott, Bretten, Gondelsheim, Helmsheim, Heidelsheim, Bruchsal, Forst, Hambrücken, Wiesental, Kirrlach, Reilingen, Hockenheim, Talhaus, Ketsch, Schwetzingen, Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld, Mannheim-Seckenheim, Mannheim

Landscapes

The authentic route taken by Bertha Benz not only links almost forgotten original sites she passed on her way, it also leads to the wine region of Baden.

The route follows several Roman roads in the area of the Upper Rhine Plain, for example, the Bergstraße (Mountain Road). It leads along the foot of the Odenwald mountains and the Kraichgau. Shortly before reaching Karlsruhe, it branches off into the Pfinz valley leading to Pforzheim, the entrance to the Black Forest.

As Bertha was afraid of some steep mountains,^[19] the return trip follows an alternative route and finishes by following the Rhine river back to Mannheim.