Bertiella mucronata

The life cycle of Bertiella species has a two-host life cycle. An arthropod (such as a mite) serves as the intermediate host, and a vertebrate serves as the definitive host.^{[citation needed]}

First, the eggs and proglottids are passed in the feces of the definitive host. There oncospheres are ingested by the arthropod intermediate host. Once ingested, the oncospheres develop into cysticercoids. The definitive hosts then become infected after ingesting arthropod intermediate hosts infected with cysticercoids. The cysticercoid everts an unarmed scolex, which it uses to attach to the small intestinal wall. Adults remain in the small intestine of the host, releasing eggs and repeating the cycle.^{[citation needed]}

Human cases are exceptionally rare, but most patients have reported no symptoms or some mild gastrointestinal symptoms, ranging from constipation, loss of appetite and weight, to general fatigue.^[1] Treatment consists of various anthelminthic agents, such as Quinacrine34, niclosamide, praziquantel, and albendazole34.^[1]