Beta II
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| Beta | |
|---|---|
| Tribhuvana-Malla, Maha-Mandaleshvara, Vikrama-Chakrin, | |
| Kakatiya ruler | |
| Reign | c. 1076-1108 CE |
| Predecessor | Prola I |
| Successor | Durga-raja or Prola II |
| Dynasty | Kakatiya |
| Father | Prola I |
Beta II (r. c. 1076-1108 CE) alias Tribhuvana-Malla was a member of the Kakatiya dynasty of southern India. As a Kalyani Chalukya vassal, he obtained control of the Sabbi-1000 province centred around Vemulavada. He commissioned a Shaivite shrine, and also donated land for a Jaina temple.
Beta II was a son of the Kakatiya chief Prola I. His earliest extant inscription is the 1079 CE Anumakonda inscription, which calls him Shriman Vikrama-chakri Shri Beta-mandalikottamah. His overlord, the Kalyani Chalukya king Vikramaditya VI, appears to have conferred the title Vikrama-chakrin upon him. His reign probably started around the time when Vikramaditya VI ascended the throne in 1076 CE.[1] The 1082 CE Banajipet inscription describes him as Maha-mandaleshvara Betarasa ("king Beta"), the lord of Anmakonda-pura (city of Anumakonda).[2] The Kakatiya inscriptions generally refer to him as Tribhuvana-malla;[3] this title probably signifies his submission to Vikramaditya, who held the same title.[4]
Beta appears to have been involved in a dispute with other Chalukya vassals over the control of the historical Sabbi-nadu region centered around Vemulavada.[2] The 1053 CE Sanigaram inscription of Prola I states that the Chalukya king rewarded him with the territory of Sabbi-nadu.[5] The Kakatiya inscriptions found at Sanigaram (including the 1107 CE Sanigaram inscription of Beta II) in this region suggest that the Kakatiyas controlled this region. However, various inscriptions found at Vemulavada, the most important town of Sabbi-nadu, suggest that this region was controlled by other Chalukya governors including Rajaditya (1083 CE), the Chalukya prince Someshvara (1106 CE), and the Paramara prince Jagaddeva (1108 CE). It is possible that the Kakatiyas controlled only a part of Sabbi-nadu, which included Sanigaram but excluded Vemulavada.[2] The Padmakshi Temple inscription suggests that Beta approached the Chalukya king with the help of his minister (dandadhipa) Vaija, and obtained the entire Sabbi-nadu region comprising a thousand villages ("Sabbi-1000").[6][3]
Beta II's son Durga-raja was actively involved in his father's administration, as suggested by the 1098 CE Kazipet inscription, which records a donation made by a minister of Durga-raja.[7]
The 1120 CE Matedu inscription issued by the Kakatiya vassal Vembola Boddama Mallenayaka of the Pulinda family states that his father Reva collected tributes on behalf of Beta II and suppressed revolts.[8][3]
The last inscription from Beta's reign is the 1107 CE Sanigaram inscription, which suggests that his reign ended around 1108 CE.[1] He was succeeded by his sons, first Durga-raja and then Prola II.[9]