Bithia, Italy

Bithia was founded by the Phoenicians in the 8th century BC as Bitan (Punic: 𐤁𐤉‬𐤕‬𐤏‬𐤍, BYTʿN,^[1][2] "Palace"). It fell under Carthaginian control until the Punic Wars, when it became Roman. Punic culture survived well into the Roman period.^[3] It was abandoned in the early 7th century, when the population fled inland to escape Arab raids.

In 1963, following heavy storms, some ruins of the city came to light. Still observable are the remains of a Punic temple on the island of Cardolinu, on which are also found artifacts that seem to indicate the presence of a tophet. Additional remains of houses and a second temple dedicated to Bes are located at the foot of the promontory on which stands the Spanish tower called "Chia", the current name of the modern village.

• Bartoloni, P. (1996), La Necropoli di Bitia, Collezione di Studi Fenici, vol.  38, Rome: CNR. (in Italian)
• Huss, Werner (1985), Geschichte der Karthager, Munich: C.H. Beck, ISBN 9783406306549. (in German)

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