Blastocrithidia
Genus of parasitic flagellate protist in the Kinetoplastea class
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Blastocrithidia is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae.[2] It is a monoxenous parasite of heteropteran insects,[3] mainly inhabiting their hindgut and glands.[4]
| Blastocrithidia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A species of Blastocrithidia, B. papi (vertical scale bar = 10 μm).[1] | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Discoba |
| Phylum: | Euglenozoa |
| Class: | Kinetoplastea |
| Order: | Trypanosomatida |
| Family: | Trypanosomatidae |
| Genus: | Blastocrithidia Laird 1959 [2] |
| Type species | |
| Blastocrithidia gerridis (Patton 1908) Laird 1959 | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Characteristics
In addition to Blastocrithidia, one-host trypanosomatids from hemipteran and dipteran insects have been traditionally placed in genera Crithidia, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Rhynchoidomonas, and Wallaceina.[5][6] Blastocrithidia is characterized by epimastigote morphological forms, whereas opisthomastigotes and endomastigotes are exclusive features of the genera Herpetomonas and Wallaceina, respectively.[6] Blastocrithidia is also able to produce resistant cysts.[7]
Systematics
The etymology of the genus name Blastocrithidia derives from the two Ancient Greek words βλαστός (blastós), meaning "sprout, scion, child or descendant", and κριθίδιον (krithídion), meaning "small grain of barley".[8][9]
The genus includes the following species.
- Blastocrithidia caliroae Lipa, Carl & Valentine 1977
- Blastocrithidia cyrtomeni Caicedo et al. 2011
- Blastocrithidia euschisti Hanson & McGhee
- Blastocrithidia familiaris Tieszen et al. 1986
- Blastocrithidia gerridis (Patton 1908) Laird 1959
- Blastocrithidia largi Maslov and Lukes 2010
- Blastocrithidia leptocoridis (McCulloch 1915)
- Blastocrithidia miridarum Podlipaev & Frolov 1987
- Blastocrithidia papi Frolov and Kostygov, 2016
- Blastocrithidia raabei Lipa 1966
- Blastocrithidia triatomae Cerisola et al. 1971
- Blastocrithidia vagoi Tuzet & Laporte 1965
- Blastocrithidia nonstop Votýpka & Lukeš, sp. nov.
Genomics
Genetic code
Blastocrithidia uses in its nuclear genome an alternative genetic code characterized by all three canonical stop codons reassigned to sense codons.[10]
| Genetic code | Translation table | DNA codon | RNA codon | Conditional translation | Standard translation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blastocrithidia nuclear | 31 | TAA | UAA | Ter (*) | or | Glu (E) | Ter (*) | |
TAG | UAG | Ter (*) | or | Glu (E) | Ter (*) | |||
TGA | UGA | Trp (W) | Ter (*) | |||||
| Amino acids biochemical properties | nonpolar | polar | basic | acidic | Termination: stop codon |