Bozburun Byzantine Shipwreck

The vessel is the first archaeological evidence of the use of coaked dowels during the Byzantine Period in the transition between shell first mortise-and-tenon construction and frame first construction. Later finds at the Theodosian Harbor in modern Yenikapi, Istanbul further support the usage of this method of construction in Byzantine ships. Oak was used for the keel, posts, floor timbers amidships, some futtocks, and most planking. A lack of amphorae at a point on the starboard side near the stern indicates the location of a galley with a set of ten cooking pots, two collar stands, and tiles for the hearth. ^[2]

The Bozburun ship carried an estimated 1300 amphorae which match types made at kilns in Cherson, Crimea. The total weight of this cargo is estimated to be 20-25 tons. At least 62 amphorae were discovered with intact bark stoppers. The contents of these amphorae were analyzed and believed to be red wine or grape must. Several pottery marks with h. ΕΠ,ΕΠΙС, or ΕΠΙСΚΟ indicate that the wine was destined for use by a bishop.^[2]