In 1984, Gordon earned his BA in Mediaeval Studies at King's College, Dalhousie University, with first-class honours and a university medal. He earned his MA from the same university in 1986. His PhD, supervised by James K. Cameron, was completed at the University of St Andrews in 1990. It was awarded the Samuel Rutherford Prize for the best doctoral dissertation in theology, church history, Scottish history or English literature at St Andrews.[2]
In 1990, Gordon began a two-year fellowship at the Leibniz Institute of European History in Mainz. In 1993 he spent a year as a teaching assistant at Knox College, the University of Toronto's theological college. In 1994 he was appointed to a lectureship in modern history at the University of St Andrews. He was promoted to reader in 2002 and professor in 2007. Gordon joined the Yale Divinity School in 2008 as professor of Reformation history, and in 2009 was appointed the Titus Street Professor of Ecclesiastical History.[2]
Gordon currently sits on the editorial boards of the journals Reformation; Reformation and Renaissance Review; and the Journal of Presbyterian History.[2] He is also on the editorial board of the St Andrews Studies in Reformation History series, published by Brill.[3]