Captain Novolin

Captain Novolin is a 2D side-scrolling platformer. The plot has the titular diabetic hero setting out to save Pineville's diabetic Mayor Gooden from aliens and their leader Blubberman, as the mayor only has enough insulin for 48 hours.^[2][3]

Before the game starts, a doctor and dietitian give advice on how to manage one's diet and insulin.^[4][5][6] Throughout the game, Captain Novolin has to avoid the alien invaders, who have the appearance of junk food items, such as "Cereal Killer" and "Larry Licorice". Meanwhile, Captain Novolin must eat healthy meals to keep his blood glucose within a safe zone. Captain Novolin will die if his blood glucose level exceeds or depletes below a certain amount. Players can earn points by keeping Novolin's glucose level in the safe zone and defeating the enemy aliens, while receiving bonus points by correctly answering questions that relate to diabetes.^[5][6] In addition, the game has a feature whereby a diabetic player can specify the frequency of their real-life insulin injections.^[6][7]

Captain Novolin was published by Mountain View, California-based company Raya Systems.^[2] The President and founder of Raya, Steve Brown, had previously worked with medical companies, supplying them software applications. His interactions with these companies had led him to the conclusion that there needed to be a new way to give children medical information, including about diabetes.^[8] The company teamed up with Novo Nordisk to fund the game, as did the National Institutes of Health. Novo Nordisk also helped design the titular character.^[2] Sculptured Software developed for the game. Their previous titles included Super Star Wars and NCAA Basketball.^[8]

The game was unveiled in June 1992 at the 52nd American Diabetes Association meeting.^[9] Novo Nordisk distributed 10,000 free copies of the game to hospitals in the United States.^[2] It was also shown at diabetes summer camps across the US.^[8] The game was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in November 1992, exclusively in North America.^[1] It is the first game about diabetes self-management. Subsequent games promoting self-management include 2003's Diabetes Education for Kids for computers and Japanese exclusives Detective and Buildup Blocks for the Game Boy Advance in 2004.^[10] Captain Novolin is the first entry in Raya Systems' "Hero Health" series, with later games focusing on tobacco (Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon), asthma (Bronkie the Bronchiasaurus), and diabetes once again (Packy and Marlon).^[5][8] By the end of 1992, Captain Novolin had sold about 10,000 copies.^[11]

Captain Novolin was warmly received among children with diabetes and their parents. In one study, 23 diabetic children (10 boys and 13 girls in the age range of 6 to 16 years) and the parent of one child were interviewed individually.^[12] The children were enthusiastic about the game, with several saying that it would be useful when telling their friends about diabetes.^[13] A separate evaluation involved a number of diabetic children aged from 8 to 14, along with their respective parents.^[14] Participants said that the game could help parents and children to talk about diabetes, as well as helping children talk to their friends about the subject.^[14] Former Cheers cast member John Ratzenberger, a celebrity volunteer for the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation, thought the game was fun, feeling that it taught children how to manage their diabetes.^[8]