Cardiovascular disease in Nigeria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cardiovascular disease in Nigeria represents a significant public health concern and is among the leading causes of mortality in the country. The rise in cardiovascular diseases is closely linked to urbanization and the increasing prevalence of hypertension and diabetes.[1][2][3]
Cardiovascular diseases refer to a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The most common forms include hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease.[4]
In Nigeria, cardiovascular diseases account for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths, and are reported to be increasing.[1]
Prevalence, Risk Factors, & Challenges for Treatment
Recent epidemiological studies found that between 23–34% of Nigerian adults have hypertension.[5][6] Urban populations tend to have a higher prevalence compared to rural communities, primarily due to increases in salt/alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyles, and obesity.[5] Strokes, typically caused by hypertension or diabetes, are the second highest cause of death in Nigeria not attributable to communicable diseases.[7]
Rheumatic heart disease, which results from rheumatic fever, is prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. It is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease in individuals under 25 years old.[8]
Several factors contribute to the increasing occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria, including hypertension[9] and socioeconomic factors such and poverty and insufficient healthcare infrastructure.[10] Less than 5% of the Nigeria's population has health insurance coverage.[11]
Nigeria's healthcare system may not be particularly well-equipped to diagnose and treat cardiovascular disease, due to a lack of cardiologists, public health awareness and affordable medications.[12] The problem is exacerbated by insufficient government health spending, high levels of poverty, and low levels of preventative care.[9][13]
However, implementing programmes like public health insurance has shown promise in addressing components of this problem.[14] The 2016 National Health Policy proposed an increase in screening programmes to promote early detection of cardiovascular problems.[15]
See also
References
- 1 2 Mbakwem, Amam C.; Amadi, Casmir Ezenwa; Ajuluchukwu, Jayne N.; Kushimo, Oyewole A. (August 30, 2022). "Trends and outcomes of cardiovascular disease admissions in Lagos, Nigeria: a 16-year review". Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 34 (3): 140–148. doi:10.5830/CVJA-2022-037. ISSN 1680-0745. PMC 10658729. PMID 36044243.
- ↑ "Cardiovascular Diseases | WHO | Regional Office for Africa". www.afro.who.int. 2025-04-04. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
- ↑ Yuyun, Matthew Fomonyuy; Sliwa, Karen; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Mocumbi, Anna Olga; Bukhman, Gene (2020-02-12). "Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa Compared to High-Income Countries: An Epidemiological Perspective". Global Heart. 15 (1): 15. doi:10.5334/gh.403. ISSN 2211-8160. PMC 7218780. PMID 32489788.
- ↑ "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)". www.who.int. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
- 1 2 Osalusi, B.S.; Uantioje, E.I.; Ogun, S.A.; Afe, T.O.; Adeeko, O.O. (2017). "The prevalence of hypertension among the adults in a semiurbarn community in south west Nigeria" (PDF). International Journal of Medical and Health Research. 3 (8). ISSN 2454-9142.
- ↑ Sani, Ruqayya Nasir; Connelly, Paul J.; Toft, Mette; Rowa-Dewar, Neneh; Delles, Christian; Gasevic, Danijela; Karaye, Kamilu Musa (April 2024). "Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Human Hypertension. 38 (4): 352–364. doi:10.1038/s41371-022-00688-8. ISSN 1476-5527. PMC 11001577. PMID 35430612.
- ↑ Aderinto, N.; Ukoaka, B.M.; Moradeyo, A.; Wagwula, P.M.; Udam, N.G.; Muntaqim, O.; Babalola, A.V.; Ogieuhi, I.J.; Wali, T.A.; Oluwakorede, A.T.; Babalola, A.E.; Abraham, I.C.; Olatunji, G.; Kokori, E. (2025). "Prevalence, characteristics, and treatment outcomes of stroke in Nigeria: A systematic review". Next Research. 2 (3) 100410.
- ↑ Ogah, O.S.; Bode-Thomas, F.; Yilgwan, C.; Ige, O.; Ogah, F.; Ogunkunle, O.O.; Okwuonu, C.; Mahmoud, S. (2020). "Rheumatic heart disease in Nigeria: a review". Nigerian Journal of Cardiology. 17 (1): 27–36. doi:10.4103/njc.njc_30_19.
- 1 2 Schutte, Aletta E.; Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, Nikhil; Mohan, Sailesh; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj (2021-04-02). "Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries". Circulation Research. 128 (7): 808–826. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318729. ISSN 1524-4571. PMC 8091106. PMID 33793340.
- ↑ Ka, Mame Madjiguene; Gaye, Ngone Diaba; Ahadzi, Dzifa; Baker-Smith, Carissa M.; Ndao, Serigne Cheikh Tidiane; Wambugu, Vivien; Singh, Gurbinder; Gueye, Khadidiatou; Seck, Daouda; Dia, Khadidiatou; Allen, Norrina Bai; Ba, Awa; Mboup, Waly Niang; Yassine, Rabab; Guissé, Pape Momar (2024-12-01). "Promotion of Cardiovascular Health in Africa: The Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA) Expert Panel". JACC: Advances. Promoting Global Cardiovascular Health. 3 (12, Part 2) 101376. doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101376. ISSN 2772-963X. PMC 11733986. PMID 39817059.
- ↑ Ogundeji, Yewande Kofoworola; Tinuoye, Oluwabambi; Bharali, Ipchita; Mao, Wenhui; Ohiri, Kelechi; Ogbuoji, Osondu; Orji, Nneka; Yamey, Gavin (2023-03-10). "Is Nigeria on course to achieve universal health coverage in the context of its epidemiological and financing transition? A knowledge, capacity and policy gap analysis (a qualitative study)". BMJ Open. 13 (3) e064710. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064710. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 10008219. PMID 36898742.
- ↑ Ayetoto-Oladehinde, Temitayo (2024-06-04). "A silent killer: Nigeria's growing battle with cardiovascular disease". BusinessDay. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2025-04-04.
- ↑ Adefunke Ajibare, Margaret; Olubunmi Ajibare, Adeola; Tunde Ojo, Oluwafemi; Olusola Dada, Akinola; Stephen Odeyemi, Ayoola; Ayodele Aderibigbe, Adedayo; Olayinka Adekoya, Abebowale (2023). "Cardiovascular Health Implications of Worsening Economic Indices in Nigeria: A Narrative Review". Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 32 (4): 345–350.
- ↑ Hendriks, Marleen; Brewster, Lizzy; Wit, Ferdinand; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji Akeem; Odusola, Aina Olufemi; Redekop, William; Bindraban, Navin; Vollaard, Albert; Alli, Shade; Adenusi, Peju; Agbede, Kayode; Akande, Tanimola; Lange, Joep; Schultsz, Constance (2011-03-25). "Cardiovascular disease prevention in rural Nigeria in the context of a community based health insurance scheme: QUality Improvement Cardiovascular care Kwara-I (QUICK-I)". BMC Public Health. 11 186. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-186. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 3073902. PMID 21439057.
- ↑ "National Health Policy 2016: Promoting the Health of Nigerians to Accelerate Socio-economic Development" (PDF). Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health. September 2016.