Carmen Luna Alcázar
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Carmen Luna Alcázar | |
|---|---|
| Born | 31 August 1888 |
| Died | 18 September 1936 (aged 48) Utrera Municipal Cemetery |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Resting place | Mass grave at Cementerio Municipal de Utrera |
| Citizenship | Spain |
| Occupation(s) | Fruit and vegetable vendor |
| Era | Spanish Civil War |
| Known for | Feminist and anarchist killed by Franco's forces |
| Movement | Spanish republicanism |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Ildefonso Romero Luna Rafael Romero Luna Dolores Romero Luna Antonio Peña Luna Dolores Peña Luna Camelia Peña Luna Rosario Peña Luna Francisco Peña Luna José Peña Luna Libertad Peña Luna |
| Parents |
|
Carmen Luna Alcázar (31 August 1888 – 18 September 1936) was a Spanish feminist and anarchist executed by Francoist forces. From Utrera in the region of Andalusia, Spain, she worked as a fruit and vegetable vendor.
Luna was an example of the nascent Republican feminism. A Republican and an anarchist, she was concerned about injustices committed by the agrarian oligarchy. From her stall, she encouraged others in her community to make their voices heard and be politically active. When the Second Republic was proclaimed, she took to the streets of Utrera to with a Republican flag. After the July 1936 military uprising in Seville, events quickly reached her hometown and sent Luna into hiding with her family. While later escaping, she decided to return because of her husband's poor health. Luna was subsequently captured and tortured, and paraded through town. She was then executed on 18 September 1936.
In 2019, a lookout near Parque del Muro in her home town of Utrera in Andalusia was renamed in Luna's honor.
Luna was from Utrera in the region of Andalusia, Spain.[1][2] She was known as "La Luna".[3]
Luna was born on 31 August 1888 at Calle Resolana, 29 in Utrera at three in the morning. Her father was Antonio Luna, a shoe maker. Her mother was María Dolores Alcázar. Luna was the youngest of several children. Her older siblings were Francisco, Antonio, Pastora, Rafael and Manuel.[4]
Her first marriage was to Antonio Romero García on 7 September 1912.[4] The couple had four children, Ildefonso, Rafael, Dolores Romero Luna and Antonio, of which three survived to adulthood.[4][5] Romero died on 5 December 1918. Luna remarried on 20 February 1928 to Francisco Peña López.[4][5]
In 1935, she was living at Calle Salvador Serguí, 29 (now Cristo de los Afligidos) with her husband, a man who was probably a son of Peña's first marriage named Rafael Peña Espejo, and nine children.[4][1][5][6] Six of the children were from her second marriage. They were Dolores, Camelia, Rosario Peña Luna, Francisco, José and Libertad Peña Luna.[5][4]
Luna lived in a hut near Cortijo de Ulloa in the Andalusian countryside with her family.[1][5][3] She was able to support her family because of her work as a fruit and vegetable vendor[5] at the Plaza de Abastos in Utrera, traveling to Seville three times a week to buy fruits and vegetables to resell.[5][6]
One of her children, Rosario Peña Luna, continued to live in Utrera until she died at the age of 84 in the 2010s.[1][7][2] Her daughter Dalia eventually escaped to a Republican area before finally settling in Mallemort, France.[7]