Catenarina vivasiana

The thallus of Catenarina vivasiana is crustose, deep reddish-brown, and dispersed bullate to rarely continuous with irregular marginal lobes. The areoles are strongly convex to coralloid and up to 1 mm high, particularly when growing on detritus. The surface is rugulose, with or without a white epinecral layer. Apothecia are often absent, but when present, they are sessile, lecanorine to zeorine in form, and up to 0.5 mm in diameter. The species is distinguished by its secondary chemistry, containing mainly 7-chloroemodin and a small proportion of 7-chlorocatenarin.^[2]

Catenarina vivasiana is primarily found in light-exposed rock outcrops in lowland Nothofagus forests, both deciduous and evergreen types, between altitudes of 45 and 145 m (148 and 476 ft). It has also been found on maritime rocks in Navarino Island and rocks in low-andine heathland close to the tree line. This lichen can grow directly on rocks or on detritus among bryophytes, lichens, and cyanobacteria. As of its initial publication,Catenarina vivasiana is known only in the Chilean XII Region of Magallanes, in Provincia de Ultima Esperanza and Provincia de la Antarctica Chilena, Isla Navarino, but the authors suggest that its actual distribution may extend further north in South America.^[2]