Cemento-osseous dysplasia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Cemento-osseous dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Florid osseous dysplasia |
 | |
| Florid osseous dysplasia of the mandible | |
| Specialty | Dentistry |
| Symptoms | May or may not be symptomatic, radiographic finding |
| Complications | Infection with extractions or abscessed teeth, unnecessary root canals |
| Usual onset | 20-30 years |
| Types | Localized, generalized |
| Causes | Congenital |
| Diagnostic method | X-ray, CBCT scan, vitality testing of teeth |
| Differential diagnosis | Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, Tooth abscess |
| Treatment | None required |
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments. It is most common in middle-aged females of African descent. The three types are periapical cemental dysplasia (common in those of African descent), focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (Caucasians), and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (African descent). Periapical COD occurs most commonly in the mandibular anterior teeth while focal COD appears predominantly in the mandibular posterior teeth. Florid COD is an extensive variant of periapical COD where lesions occur in multiple quadrants which can encompass the maxilla and mandible, and infrequently can cause jawbone deformity.[1]
Risk factors
Risk factors for experiencing symptoms associated with COD include the size of the lesion, apical involvement, and infection within the lesion.[3] Patients with larger lesions tend to experience symptoms, likely due to the growth impinging on adjacent structures.[3] Lesions in proximity to the apex of a tooth, especially those associated with caries or periodontal disease, may have a greater chance of becoming infected.[3] Lastly, local infection within a COD lesion, often leading to necrosis of the area, is another risk factor for symptomatic COD.[3]
Symptoms
Most patients are asymptomatic and the condition is only found during radiographic analyses. In a study, 14.7% of patients were symptomatic, with pain being the most common symptom and may be associated with osteomyelitis.[2] Other symptoms may include hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and discomfort.[3] In rare instances, patients may experience associated facial swelling with the presence or absence of pain due to concurrent infection.[4] Patients experiencing symptoms also tend to be older and have the periapical form of cemento-osseous dysplasia.[3] Studies have demonstrated that these patients tend to be in the fourth decade of life, and approximately 70% of COD cases are located near teeth apices.[3]
