Central and Eastern Europe
Geographical subregion
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Central and Eastern Europe or Central-Eastern Europe (CEE) is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe (primarily the Visegrád Group[1][2]), Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) also uses the term "Central and Eastern European Countries" (CEECs) for a group comprising some of these countries. This term is sometimes used as an alternative to the term "Eastern Europe," excluding Russia for more neutral grouping.[3][4][5][6][7] The region is also defined as historically the area between three empires — the Holy Roman Empire or Austro-Hungary, German Empire and Russian Empire.
.png) Central and Eastern Europe
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Definitions
The term CEE includes the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact) countries west of the post-World War II border with the former Soviet Union; the independent states in former Yugoslavia (which were not considered part of the Eastern bloc); and the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (which chose not to join the CIS with the other 12 former republics of the USSR). The CEE countries are further subdivided by their accession status to the European Union (EU): the eight first-wave accession countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovenia), the two second-wave accession countries that joined on 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) and the third-wave accession country that joined on 1 July 2013 (Croatia). According to the World Bank 2008 analysis, the transition to advanced market economies is over for all 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007.[8]
The CEE countries include the former socialist states, which extend east of Austria, Germany (eastern part), and Italy; north of Greece and Turkey (European part); south of Finland and Sweden; and west of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine:
| Country |  European Union |  NATO | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Albania | Candidate negotiating | Member state | ||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Candidate | Membership Action Plan | ||
 Bulgaria | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Croatia | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Czech Republic | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Estonia | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Hungary | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Kosovo | Applicant | N/a | Partially recognized state | |
 Latvia | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Lithuania | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Montenegro | Candidate negotiating | Member state | ||
 North Macedonia | Candidate negotiating | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Poland | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Romania | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Serbia | Candidate negotiating | Individual Partnership Action Plan | ||
 Slovakia | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Slovenia | Member state | Member state | [9][10] | |
 Abkhazia | N/a | N/a | Partially recognized state[11] | |
 Armenia | N/a | Individual Partnership Action Plan | Member state of CIS and CSTO | |
 Azerbaijan | N/a | Individual Partnership Action Plan | Member state of CIS | |
 Belarus | N/a | N/a | Member state of CIS and CSTO | |
 Georgia | Candidate | Intensified Dialogue | ||
 Moldova | Candidate negotiating | Individual Partnership Action Plan | Member state of CIS | |
 Russia | N/a | N/a | Member state of CIS and CSTO | |
 South Ossetia | N/a | N/a | Partially recognized state[12] | |
 Transnistria | N/a | N/a | Partially recognized state[13] | |
 Ukraine | Candidate negotiating | Intensified Dialogue | ||
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is an OECD term for the group of countries comprising Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania."[10]
The term Central and Eastern Europe (abbreviated CEE) has displaced the alternative term East-Central Europe in the context of transition countries, mainly because the abbreviation ECE is ambiguous: it commonly stands for Economic Commission for Europe, rather than East-Central Europe.[14]
