Originally the chapel was used for Roman Catholic services and was dedicated to St Catherine of Alexandria. The arrival of the Greek population from the island of Rhodes in 1522 brought a need for new places of worship. The Greeks came with the Knights upon expulsion from Rhodes. They settles in Birgu. With agreement from the Bishop of Malta, the chapel of St Catherine, together with the chapels of St George and the Visitation, respectively, were given to the Greeks for their own use of divine services according to the Byzantine tradition. The name of the chapel was changed in 1575 when inquisitor Pietro Dusina officially established the chapel of St Catherine as one of the parish churches of the Greek population of Birgu. The name comes from the icon of Our Lady of Damascus which was brought from Rhodes and put in the chapel as the titular instead that of St Catherine. Nowadays the original icon is found in the Greek Catholic church of Our Lady in Valletta where it was moved in 1587.
The chapel continued to be used by the Greek population until 1780. On February 24, 1832, the chapel was bought by the fraternity of St Joseph who adjoined the chapel to their own adjacent oratory church dedicated to St Joseph. However, the chapel was conserved in its original state, with the original altar and icon, the latter was commissioned to replace the original icon which wa transferred to Valletta.
Nowadays the chapel is no longer used for religious services but is part of the parish museum.[1]
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