Charles de Gaulle (poet)

De Gaulle was an early pan-Celticist with De Barra (2018) writing "the story of Pan-Celticism begins with....Charles de Gaulle"^[2]: 107

De Gaulle dreamed of the resurrection of the Celtic languages as vehicles for high culture. A devout Catholic and monarchist, de Gaulle saw Celtic countries as guardians of tradition and proposed a restoration of Breton political autonomy, providing a model for later Breton nationalists.^[1] In 1864 he wrote an appeal to the current representatives of the "Celtic race", proposing Celtic festivals:

If I am allowed to express a wish - as yet most ambitious, doubtless difficult to accomplish - it would be to see a new religious order, or at least, a special division of a former religious order, to devote, under the invocation of old saints, wise men from both Britains [The British Isles and Brittany] to preaching and instruction of youth of all classes in the Celtic countries, and this mainly through indigenous languages...After the celebration of holy sacrifice, in open fields, on an old dolmen, surrounded by the people of neighbouring parishes, the solemnities open with a contest of popular bards... Shooting, wrestling, horse and foot races, regattas at the seaside, would provide a new and useful means of improving our agile and robust youth.^[3]

De Gaulle insisted that Celtic countries must retain their languages to avoid cultural extinction, asserting that "so long as a conquered people speaks another language than the conquerors, the best part of them is still free".^[4] He also proposed a Celtic Union that would establish and develop links between Celtic countries. There should also be a Celtic "Esperanto" to facilitate communication and which would be created from common elements in all Celtic languages and a Pan-Celtic festival.^{[4][2]: 108}

De Gaulle wrote to cultural leaders in Wales, Scotland and Ireland to organise a Pan-Celtic congress in Saint-Brieuc, Brittany in 1867, which he succeeded in pushing through despite opposition from the French government.^[1] Unable to travel due to health issues, he wrote the poem Da Varsez Breiz (To the Bards of Brittany) in Breton, including the lines:

E Paris va c'horf zo dalc'het
Med davedoc'h e nij va spered
’Vel ul lapous, a-denn askell,
’Nij de gavout e vreudeur a-belll

(In Paris my body is held
But towards you my spirit flies,
Swiftly like a bird,
To meet his far away brothers.)

In January 1969, President Charles de Gaulle attempted to use his uncle's reputation in Brittany by reciting the second quatrain of his poem Da Varsez Breiz during a speech given in Quimper, Finistère. The speech was made in the wake of a series of crackdowns on Breton nationalists by the government of France. De Gaulle's use of the poem was met with a hostile reaction from the audience, whose noise drowned out much of the rest of his speech. He was later accused of double standards, having recently spoken in favour of a "free" Quebec, because its French heritage distinguished it from the rest of Canada, which was dominated by English Canadians.^[1]