Chunfen
Fourth solar term of traditional East Asian calendars
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The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.[1] Chūnfēn, Shunbun, Chunbun, or Xuân phân is the 4th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 0° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 15°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 20 March and ends around 4 April (5 April East Asia time). It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 0°.
| Chunfen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 春分 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | spring equinox | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | xuân phân | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 春分 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 춘분 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 春分 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 春分 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hiragana | しゅんぶん | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Term | Longitude | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Lichun | 315° | 4–5 February |
| Yushui | 330° | 18–19 February |
| Jingzhe | 345° | 5–6 March |
| Chunfen | 0° | 20–21 March |
| Qingming | 15° | 4–5 April |
| Guyu | 30° | 20–21 April |
| Lixia | 45° | 5–6 May |
| Xiaoman | 60° | 21–22 May |
| Mangzhong | 75° | 5–6 June |
| Xiazhi | 90° | 21–22 June |
| Xiaoshu | 105° | 7–8 July |
| Dashu | 120° | 22–23 July |
| Liqiu | 135° | 7–8 August |
| Chushu | 150° | 23–24 August |
| Bailu | 165° | 7–8 September |
| Qiufen | 180° | 23–24 September |
| Hanlu | 195° | 8–9 October |
| Shuangjiang | 210° | 23–24 October |
| Lidong | 225° | 7–8 November |
| Xiaoxue | 240° | 22–23 November |
| Daxue | 255° | 7–8 December |
| Dongzhi | 270° | 21–22 December |
| Xiaohan | 285° | 5–6 January |
| Dahan | 300° | 20–21 January |
Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Chunfen include:
China
- First pentad: 玄鳥至, 'The dark birds arrive'. 'Dark bird' in this case refers to swallows, which are also making their northward migration.[2]
- Second pentad: 雷乃發聲, 'Thunder sounds', referring to the onset of spring thunderstorms.[2]
- Last pentad: 始電, 'Lightning starts'. This refers to thunderstorms as well, but also to the gradual lengthening of daytime, and the prevalence of sunlight. [2]
Japan
A pentad as follows was referred to Japanese traditional calendar presented in a smaller, easy to use, format.
Date and time
| Year | Begin | End |
|---|---|---|
| 辛巳 | 2001-03-20 13:30 | 2001-04-04 17:24 |
| 壬午 | 2002-03-20 19:16 | 2002-04-04 23:18 |
| 癸未 | 2003-03-21 00:59 | 2003-04-05 04:52 |
| 甲申 | 2004-03-20 06:48 | 2004-04-04 10:43 |
| 乙酉 | 2005-03-20 12:33 | 2005-04-04 16:34 |
| 丙戌 | 2006-03-20 18:25 | 2006-04-04 22:15 |
| 丁亥 | 2007-03-21 00:07 | 2007-04-05 04:04 |
| 戊子 | 2008-03-20 05:48 | 2008-04-04 09:45 |
| 己丑 | 2009-03-20 11:43 | 2009-04-04 15:33 |
| 庚寅 | 2010-03-20 17:32 | 2010-04-04 21:30 |
| 辛卯 | 2011-03-20 23:20 | 2011-04-05 03:11 |
| 壬辰 | 2012-03-20 05:14 | 2012-04-04 09:05 |
| 癸巳 | 2013-03-20 11:01 | 2013-04-04 15:02 |
| 甲午 | 2014-03-20 16:57 | 2014-04-04 20:46 |
| 乙未 | 2015-03-20 22:45 | 2015-04-05 02:39 |
| 丙申 | 2016-03-20 04:30 | 2016-04-04 08:27 |
| 丁酉 | 2017-03-20 10:28 | 2017-04-04 14:17 |
| 戊戌 | 2018-03-20 16:15 | 2018-04-04 20:12 |
| 己亥 | 2019-03-20 21:58 | 2019-04-05 01:51 |
| 庚子 | 2020-03-20 03:49 | 2020-04-04 07:38 |
| 辛丑 | 2021-03-20 09:37 | 2021-04-04 13:35 |
| 壬寅 | 2022-03-20 15:33 | 2022-04-04 19:20 |
| 癸卯 | 2023-03-20 21:24 | 2023-04-05 01:13 |
| 甲辰 | 2024-03-20 03:06 | 2024-04-04 07:02 |
| 乙巳 | 2025-03-20 09:01 | 2025-04-04 12:48 |
| 丙午 | 2026-03-20 14:45 | 2026-04-04 18:40 |
| 丁未 | 2027-03-20 20:24 | 2027-04-05 00:17 |
| 戊申 | 2028-03-20 02:17 | 2028-04-04 06:03 |
| 己酉 | 2029-03-20 08:01 | 2029-04-04 11:58 |
| 庚戌 | 2030-03-20 13:52 | 2030-04-04 17:41 |
| Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System | ||