Vân was born in 1990 and grew up in Ho Chi Minh City with her family. She started practicing Taekwondo at the age of 7. Due to her strong foundation, she was called up to the national team in 2009 to participate in the 25th SEA Games in Laos. In her debut appearance, she and her teammates won a bronze medal, marking her first international medal in her career.[2]
At the World Poomsae Taekwondo Championships in 2013, three Vietnamese girls, including Vân, won two gold medals in the team poomsae and creative poomsae events.[3] Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, Nguyễn Thị Thu Ngân, and Vân were the first female athletes to win gold medals for Vietnam in Taekwondo at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games.[4]
In 2014, Vân, together with Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim and Nguyen Thuy Xuan Linh, won the gold medal in the team poomsae event at the World Poomsae Taekwondo Championships. She also participated in the Youth Championship and the Southeast Asian Championship, winning two gold medals in the under-30 women's team event and the 5-member creative poomsae event.[5]
At the 2015 SEA Games in Singapore, Vân, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, and Nguyen Thuy Xuan Linh won the gold medal in the women's team poomsae event.[6]
In 2016, at the World Poomsae Taekwondo Championships, Vietnam won a silver medal in the under-30 women's standard team event on the first day of competition, thanks to the contributions of Vân, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, and Lien Thi Tuyet Mai. On the second day, Vietnam won two silver medals and one bronze medal. In the under-17 creative poomsae team event, Vân, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, Hứa Văn Huy, Nguyen Thien Phung, and Le Thanh Trung won the silver medal.[7]
In August and September 2017, the Vietnamese Taekwondo poomsae team participated in three consecutive tournaments. In the women's team poomsae event, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, Vân, and Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai won 3 gold medals at the 2017 SEA Games and the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.[8] At the 2017 SEA Games, Vân, Lien Thi Tuyet Mai, and Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim successfully defended their gold medal in the women's team poomsae event.[9]
Vân and Hứa Văn Huy won silver medals at the 2019 Chungju World Martial Arts Masterships.[10] Vân, competed along with Tran Ho Duy, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim, Hứa Văn Huy, Nguyen Ngoc Minh Hy in the category of Taekwondo, Synchronized Creative Poomsae. They won a gold medal at the 2019 SEA Games.[11] They participated in a performance with five athletes (3 males: Hứa Văn Huy, Nguyen Ngoc Minh Hy, and Tran Dang Khoa; 2 females: Châu Tuyết Vân, Nguyễn Thị Lệ Kim). With techniques such as spinning kicks and aerial moves, they scored 7.799 points. They won a gold medal at the 2021 SEA Games.[12]
Vân, Hứa Văn Huy, Le Ngoc Han, Nguyen Thi Y Binh, and Tran Dang Khoa competed in the mixed gender creative poomsae event at the 2023 US Open Taekwondo Championship and won a gold medal. Vân won a gold medal in the individual poomsae event for women.[13]
On May 12, 2023, in the finals of the synchronized creative poomsae event, Nguyen Ngoc Minh Hy, Nguyen Thi Mong Quynh, Hứa Văn Huy, Vân, and Tran Dang Khoa won a gold medal at the 32nd SEA Games.[14]