Cicadomorpha
Infraorder of insects
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cicadomorpha[1] is an infraorder of the insect order Hemiptera which contains the cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and spittlebugs. There are approximately 35,000 described species worldwide. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. The earliest fossils of cicadomorphs first appear during the Late Permian. Notable extinct members include the "giant cicadas" belonging to Palaeontinidae.
| Cicadomorpha Temporal range: Upper Permian to Holocene | |
|---|---|
| |
| A Magicicada species cicada | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Cicadomorpha Evans, 1946 |
| Extant superfamilies | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Clypeorrhyncha Sorensen et al., 1995 | |
Classification
Some authors use the name Clypeorrhyncha (from the Latin clypeus and the Greek ῥύγχος rhúnkhos, 'shielded nose') as a replacement for the extant Cicadomorpha.[2] Nymphs of many Cicadomorphans coat themselves with secretions from specialized Malphigian tubules. They are never coated with hydrophobic wax as seen in the nymphs of Fulgoromorpha. Most Cicadomorphas have a filter chamber in their mid-gut which helps remove excess water from the xylem or phloem sap that they feed on.[3]
Of the three extant superfamilies within the Cicadomorpha, molecular phylogeny studies have placed Membracoidea as a sister group to a clade containing Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. Within these superfamilies, not all deep phylogeny questions have been resolved.[4]
Modified after Szwedo, 2018.[5]
- †Infraorder Prosbolopsemorpha Szwedo, 2018
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946
- Family † Prosbolopseidae Becker-Migdisova, 1946 (Permian)
- Superfamily † Pereborioidea Zalessky, 1930
- † Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984 (Triassic)
- † Ignotalidae Riek, 1973 (Permian-Triassic)
- † Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930 (Permian-Triassic)
- Superfamily †Dysmorphoptiloidea Handlirsch, 1906
- †Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Permian- Jurassic)
- †Eoscarterellidae Evans, 1956 (Permian-Triassic)
- †Magnacicadiidae Hong & Chen, 1981 (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Palaeontinoidea Handlirsch, 1906
- † Dunstaniidae Tillyard, 1916 (Permian–Jurassic)
- † Mesogereonidae Tillyard, 1921 (Triassic)
- † Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- Superfamily † Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946
- Clade Clypeata Qadri, 1967
- Superfamily Cercopoidea Westwood, 1838
- Superfamily Cicadoidea Latreille, 1802
- Superfamily †Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
- † Minlagerrontidae Chen, Szwedo and Wang, 2019 (Cretaceous)
- Superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815