Cingris

The Lebor Gabála Érenn describes a series of invasions or settlements of Ireland, culminating with the arrival of the Milesians, considered the ancestors of the modern Irish. Cingris plays a pivotal role in this narrative as the father of Scota, who marries Nel, son of Fénius Farsaid, a Babylonian scholar who studied languages after the confusion of tongues at Babel.^[7] Their son, Goídel Glas, is credited with creating the Gaelic language by combining elements of the 72 languages then in existence and is regarded as the eponymous ancestor of the Gaels. Additionally, in the Lebor Gabála Érenn, Cingris is explicitly described as the Pharaoh whose host was "extinguished" in the Red Sea, aligning his story with the biblical account of the Pharaoh's destruction during the Exodus.^[2] This connection suggests that medieval Irish scholars sought to integrate their mythology with biblical history. Scota's name is said to be the origin of the Latin term Scoti, historically used to refer to the Irish and later the Scots. After her time in Egypt, her descendants migrated through various regions, including Crete, Scythia, and Spain, before reaching Ireland as the Milesians.^[8]

In John O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees, the narrative is similar but less specific about the Pharaoh's identity. The Pharaoh invites Nel to Egypt to teach, granting him land near the Red Sea and Scota in marriage. Their descendants are called Scots, reinforcing the etymological link to Scota.^[9][10] In contrast, John of Fordun’s Chronica Gentis Scotorum adapts the story for a Scottish audience, naming Scota's father as Achencres and describing her as the wife of Gaythelos (an alternative name for Goídel Glas), who is exiled to Egypt and marries the Pharaoh's daughter^[11]

• Irish pedigrees; or, The origin and stem of the Irish nation (1892), by John O'Hart, - Volume: 1 archive.org/details/irishpedigreesor_01ohar
• Irish pedigrees; or, The origin and stem of the Irish nation (1892), by John O'Hart, - Volume: 2 archive.org/details/irishpedigreesor02ohar
• A brief overview and large genealogical chart of Mythological Cycle narratives in the LGE are hosted at Mary Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
• Lebor gabala Erenn Volume 1, Irish Text society 1870–1956
• Macalister, Robert Alexander Stewart, Lebor gabála Érenn: The book of the taking of Ireland (snippet), vol. 2, Dublin: Irish Texts Society by the Educational Co. of Ireland
• Lebor gabala Erenn Volume 2 Macalister, R.A. Stewart (ed.), Part II, vol. 35, ISBN 1-870166-35-3
• Lebor gabala Erenn Volume 3 Macalister, R.A. Stewart (ed.), Part III, vol. 39, ISBN 1-870166-39-6
• Lebor gabala Erenn Volume 4 Macalister, R.A. Stewart (ed.), Part IV, vol. 41, ISBN 1-870166-41-8
• Lebor gabala Erenn Volume 5 Macalister, R.A. Stewart (ed.), Part V, vol. 44, ISBN 1-870166-44-2
• Evans, L. (2001). Kingdom of the Ark: The Startling Story of How the Ancient British Race Is Descended from the Pharaohs.
• Graham, L. Lebor Gabála Érenn at a Glance: an Overview of the 11th Century Irish Book of Invasions. https://doi.org/10.17613/0SCZJ-NW652
• Annala Rioghachta Eireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, by the Four Masters, from the earliest period to the year 1616, translated by O'Donovan, John (2nd ed.), 1856, 7 volumes, Royal Irish Academy:
  • Volume 1 (2952 BC – AD 902), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish
  • Volume 2 (AD 903–1171), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish
  • Volume 3 (AD 1172–1372), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish
  • Volume 4 (AD 1373–1500), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish
  • Volume 5 (AD 1501–1588), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish
  • Volume 6 (AD 1589–1616), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT: English, Irish ^*
  • Volume 7 (Indices), Dublin, Hodges, Smith, and co., 1856 – via CELT
• Fordun, J. (c. 1360). Chronica Gentis Scotorum. Chronica Gentis Scotorum.