Circaea canadensis
Plant species in the evening primrose family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Circaea canadensis, known as eastern enchanter's nightshade, Canada enchanter's nightshade, broad-leaved enchanter's nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant found in forests of eastern North America.[4][5][6][7] It is very similar to its sister species, Circaea lutetiana, and was formerly considered conspecific (part of the same species).
| Circaea canadensis | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Fairfax County, Virginia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Onagraceae |
| Genus: | Circaea |
| Species: | C. canadensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Circaea canadensis | |
| Subspecies[1] | |
| |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
|
List
| |
Taxonomy
Circaea canadensis was considered a variety of Circaea lutetiana by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. In 1765 the botanist John Hill published a description of it as a species creating its accepted name. It is classified in the genus Circaea within the Onagraceae family. According to Plants of the World Online it has two accepted subspecies[1]
- Circaea canadensis subsp. canadensis
- Circaea canadensis subsp. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Boufford
It has 13 synonyms of the species or one of its subspecies.[1][2][3]
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circaea canadensis var. virginiana Fernald | 1945 | variety | subsp. canadensis | = het. |
| Circaea latifolia Hill | 1756 | species | subsp. canadensis | = het., opus utique oppr. |
| Circaea lutetiana subsp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus | 1870 | subspecies | C. canadensis | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea lutetiana var. canadensis L. | 1753 | variety | C. canadensis | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea lutetiana subsp. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Asch. & Magnus | 1870 | subspecies | subsp. quadrisulcata | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea lutetiana f. quadrisulcata Maxim. | 1859 | form | subsp. quadrisulcata | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea maximowiczii (H.Lév.) H.Hara | 1934 | species | subsp. quadrisulcata | = het., nom. illeg. |
| Circaea maximowiczii var. viridicalyx H.Hara | 1934 | variety | subsp. quadrisulcata | = het. |
| Circaea maximowiczii f. viridicalyx (H.Hara) Kitag. | 1939 | form | subsp. quadrisulcata | = het. |
| Circaea mollis var. maximowiczii H.Lév. | 1912 | variety | subsp. quadrisulcata | = het. |
| Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. | 1873 | species | subsp. quadrisulcata | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea quadrisulcata subsp. canadensis (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve | 1982 | subspecies | C. canadensis | ≡ hom. |
| Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis (L.) H.Hara | 1939 | variety | C. canadensis | ≡ hom. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Growth form and flowers
