Cixiinae
Subfamily of true bugs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae.[1] While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea,[2] neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002.[1][3] Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.[4]
| Cixiinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cixius nervosus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Cixiidae |
| Subfamily: | Cixiinae Spinola, 1839 |
| Tribes | |
|
See text | |
Tribes
In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir;[5] however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanalysed for decades.[2] Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes.[2][6] However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina.[7] In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes[3][4] and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.[8]
Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:[4]
- Andini Emeljanov, 2002
- Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989
- Bennini Metcalf, 1938
- Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002
- Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002
- Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002
- Cixiini Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002
- Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 - monophyletic[4]
- Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic[4]
- Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genus[4] Mnemosyne (planthopper) Stål, 1866 (5 extinct)
- Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic[4]
- Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic[4]
- Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938
