Classical World Chess Championship 2000

Following the split in the world chess championship in 1993, there were two rival world titles: the official FIDE world title, and the PCA world title held by Garry Kasparov. The rationale behind Kasparov's title was that he had not been defeated in a match, but in fact had defeated the rightful challenger Nigel Short in 1993, so FIDE had no power to strip the title from him.

The PCA then held Interzonal and Candidates matches from 1993 to 1995, and Kasparov successfully defended his PCA title in 1995 against Viswanathan Anand.

The PCA folded in 1996. The initial contract with Intel had expired. Kasparov was looking for a new sponsor, but had not been able to find one.^[5] Kasparov still claimed he was the rightful world champion, however, so Kasparov looked for other ways to select his next challenger.

Without the sponsorship of the PCA, Kasparov found he was unable to organise a series of qualifying matches to choose a challenger. Eventually in 1998, he announced that, based on their ratings and results, Anand and Vladimir Kramnik were clearly the next two best players in the world, and that they would play a match to decide who would challenge for Kasparov's title.^[6]

Anand, however, as a participant in the FIDE world championship cycle, believed he was contractually obligated to not participate in a rival cycle and declined the offer.^[7] So instead a match was organised between Kramnik and Alexei Shirov, from 24 May to 5 June 1998 in Cazorla, Spain.^[8] Shirov was chosen because he was next in the PCA rating list,^[9][10] and because of his strong performance at the Linares 1998 super tournament.^[7][11]

Despite being the underdog, Shirov won the match with two wins, seven draws and no losses.^[12][13]

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World Chess Championship Candidates Match (1998)

	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Total
Vladimir Kramnik (Russia)	2790	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	½	0	3½
Alexei Shirov (Spain)	2710	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	½	1	5½

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However, during 1998 Kasparov, Shirov and sponsors were unable to come to an agreement.^[14] Shirov rejected one offer of a match in California, but believed rejecting this offer did not mean waiving his rights for a match.^[11] In December 1998, there was still talk of organising a Kasparov–Shirov match.^[15]

In February 1999, Kasparov abandoned plans for a match with Shirov and pursued a match with Anand instead, on the basis that Anand was second to Kasparov on the ratings list.^[16] Negotiations for a 1999 match failed,^[17][18] as did negotiations in 2000, with Anand expressing dissatisfaction with the contract.^[19] In March 2000 it was announced that negotiations with Anand had failed and so Kasparov would negotiate a match with the next player in the ratings list—Kramnik.^[20] This time negotiations were successful, and the company Braingames was formed, headed by Raymond Keene, to finance a Kasparov–Kramnik match in October 2000.^[21][20]

Shirov was aggrieved, and even in 2006 maintained that Kramnik was not a valid world champion.^[22] Kramnik had a far better record against Kasparov than Shirov did (a point Kasparov emphasised when the match was announced in April 2000).^[23] In the years that followed, Kasparov maintained an overwhelming plus score in his individual games against Shirov.^[24]

More information Rating, Total ...

Classical World Chess Championship Match 2000

	Rating	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Total
Garry Kasparov (Russia)	2849	½	0	½	½	½	½	½	½	½	0	½	½	½	½	½	6½
Vladimir Kramnik (Russia)	2772	½	1	½	½	½	½	½	½	½	1	½	½	½	½	½	8½

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Commentary

Berlin Defence after 8...Kxd8

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

This position occurred four times—in games 1, 3, 9 and 13—and each time Kramnik (Black) was able to draw.

According to Kasparov, Kramnik's victory stemmed from his superior opening preparation.^[25] He relied on the Berlin Defence of the Ruy Lopez to defuse Kasparov's 1.e4, an opening Kasparov was not prepared for.

Kramnik also won game 2 with a new idea for White in Kasparov's favourite Grünfeld Defence, which Kramnik discovered during training with Boris Gelfand a year before the match.^[26] He won game 10 due to deep knowledge of 4.e3 variation by Joël Lautier and Evgeny Bareev, his seconds; that variation was chosen because of Kasparov's unimpressive score with it.^[27] He also came close to winning games 4^[28] and 6^[29] with white.

Yasser Seirawan remarked that he had no explanation for the result except that Kramnik played the best chess of his life, and also that he personally knew that Kasparov was going through a divorce which might have affected his game.^[30]

The Berlin Defence surged in popularity after this match, becoming a reliable drawing weapon.^[31]

Kramnik defended his title in the Classical World Chess Championship 2004 against Peter Leko. The world championship remained split until 2006, when Kramnik defeated FIDE champion Veselin Topalov in a reunification match, becoming the undisputed world chess champion.

• List of chess games between Kasparov and Kramnik