Claude-François Denecourt

In August 1839, Denecourt took advantage of public interest in watching a major military maneuver at the camp of Arbonne (a village in the forest) to publish a booklet that helped visitors to locate the maneuvers in the forest.^[3] From then on, this guide^[4] would be reissued constantly until his death (11 editions between 1839 and 1848 alone), accompanied by numerous additions. His forest guides, modestly priced so as to be accessible to the masses,^[5] accompanied the growth in forest tourism in the 1840s.^[1]

Each edition contained a map, which could also be purchased separately. The map made it possible to locate the various forest attractions proposed in the guide. It also included a section on the Château de Fontainebleau, which was usually sold separately.

Though Denecourt was not a writer (he himself recognised his lack of erudition), it was his practical and concrete approach to visiting the forest – he guided excursions on request – that accounted for the success of his guide books. This success was later strengthened by the inauguration, in 1849, of the so-called ‘pleasure trains’ that made possible day trips to the forest from Paris.^[6]

From 1842, Denecourt was not content simply to indicate existing paths; he began to create the paths himself, with the tacit authorization of the water and forestry administration and sometimes with the help of local quarrymen and stone cutters. At the time of his death, 150 km of paths had been created and marked with blue arrows.^[5]

He also built fountains, caves and an observation tower named the "Tour de l'Empereur" when it was inaugurated in 1853 by Napoleon III (it is now called the Tour Denecourt).^[3]

Denecourt was fond of inventing romantic names for the places and prominent features of the forest: he named 600 trees and 700 rocks, sites and scenic vistas. These names, often borrowed from mythology, history or literature, referred to legends that were invented by Denecourt himself. Examples include the ’Cyclop’s Passage,’ the ‘Robbers’ Cave’ and the ‘Cave of the Oath’.^[6]

Today, these Denecourt ‘blue’ paths - a color said to recall the blue of the uniforms of the Napoleonic army in which he served - still exist and are used. They are called "Denecourt - Colinet" paths, after Charles Colinet and his wife, Maria Colinet, who continued Denecourt's work after his death.^[2]

Because of his work in the Fontainebleau Forest, Claude-François Denecourt is remembered as one of the pioneers of modern hiking and hiking trails.^[5][6] He is also credited with being one of the inventors of nature tourism for the masses.^[5]

The importance of his work was recognized during his lifetime. In 1855, 42 of the greatest French writers of the time (for example, Alphonse de Lamartine, Victor Hugo, George Sand, Alfred de Musset and Charles Baudelaire) honoured Denecourt through a collection published as 'Homage to Denecourt'.^[2] In the book, Théophile Gautier refers to him as the "Sylvain" of the forest of Fontainebleau,^[1] a title which likens him to a forest deity and which was subsequently often used when referring to him.^[2]

Denecourt died on 25 March 1875 in Fontainebleau, at the age of 86 years.

The city of Fontainebleau named a square (now called Place Napoléon-Bonaparte) and a street in his memory. In addition, the city's tourist office placed a commemorative plaque on the facade of the house where Denecourt died, at 27 rue de France. On 18 September 1932 this plaque was laid. Still visible, it says: "The denizen of forests, DENECOURT / creator of the forest trails / died in this house / 24 March 1875. "^[7]