Climate of Romania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The climate of Romania is continental, transitioning into humid subtropical (locally often "warm oceanic" or "Pontic") on the eastern coast, influenced by polar intrusions, and therefore characterized by harsh winters. The mountain ranges of the Carpathian arc have a cool mountain climate with high humidity throughout the year.[1]
| Geography of Romania |
| Topography |
| Hydrography |
| Climate |
Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year. Annual precipitation averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iași in Moldavia, and only 240 mm (9 in) at Sulina on the Black Sea.
Summers in the country are generally very warm to hot, and temperatures over 36 °C (97 °F) are not unknown in the lower-lying areas of the country. Night time lows in Bucharest and other lower-lying areas are around 16 °C (60.8 °F), and in Sulina they are around 21 °C (69.8 °F), but at higher altitudes both maxima and minima decline considerably.
In the coldest months of winter (December and January) temperatures average between 1 °C (33.8 °F) and −10 °C (14.0 °F). During winter, the skies are often cloudy and snowfall is quite common. In the plains of Romania there are about thirty days with snowfall per year.
Records
The absolute minimum temperature is −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), registered in Bod, Brașov County on 25 January 1942. The absolute maximum temperature is 44.5 °C (112.1 °F), recorded at Ion Sion (nowadays Râmnicelu), Brăila County on 10 August 1951.[2] The warmest overnight temperature ever recorded is 29.8 °C (85.6 °F) at Oravița, Caraș-Severin County on 17 July 2024.
| Climate data for Romania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) |
26.0 (78.8) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
44.3 (111.7) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
30.5 (86.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
44.5 (112.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.5 (−37.3) |
−38.0 (−36.4) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
−26 (−15) |
−16 (3) |
−12 (10) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−15 (5) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−34.5 (−30.1) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
| Source: National Meteorological Administration[3] | |||||||||||||
Averages and records
Cities
| Climate data for Bucharest (1981–2010, extremes 1929–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.6 (74.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.9 (98.4) |
41.6 (106.9) |
45.4 (113.7) |
43.9 (111.0) |
39.9 (103.8) |
36.4 (97.5) |
29.4 (84.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
45.4 (113.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.8 (38.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.2 (32.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.1 (32.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.2 (−26.0) |
−29.0 (−20.2) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−19.4 (−2.9) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−32.2 (−26.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37 (1.5) |
37 (1.5) |
44 (1.7) |
50 (2.0) |
56 (2.2) |
83 (3.3) |
70 (2.8) |
56 (2.2) |
64 (2.5) |
53 (2.1) |
46 (1.8) |
48 (1.9) |
643 (25.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 13.7 (5.4) |
11.0 (4.3) |
10.5 (4.1) |
1.5 (0.6) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
8.8 (3.5) |
10.5 (4.1) |
56.0 (22.0) |
| Average rainy days | 6 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 109 |
| Average snowy days | 8 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 3 | 7 | 31 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89 | 83 | 75 | 71 | 69 | 70 | 68 | 68 | 73 | 79 | 85 | 88 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 70.6 | 84.5 | 138.0 | 184.8 | 246.3 | 265.8 | 289.2 | 281.4 | 224.1 | 177.4 | 87.5 | 62.8 | 2,112.4 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net (average temperatures, humidity, precipitation, and snowy days)[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (snowfall and sunshine, 1961–1990),[5] Administrația Națională de Meteorologie (extremes)[6] and Weather Atlas[7] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Cluj-Napoca (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1901–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
26.7 (80.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.4 (93.9) |
32.6 (90.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
1.6 (34.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.2 (−29.6) |
−32.5 (−26.5) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−22.3 (−8.1) |
−27.9 (−18.2) |
−34.2 (−29.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25.7 (1.01) |
24.5 (0.96) |
31.0 (1.22) |
50.9 (2.00) |
66.9 (2.63) |
90.5 (3.56) |
85.7 (3.37) |
65.9 (2.59) |
48.5 (1.91) |
37.2 (1.46) |
32.1 (1.26) |
35.5 (1.40) |
594.4 (23.40) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 6.0 (2.4) |
11.5 (4.5) |
5.8 (2.3) |
1.3 (0.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.5 (0.2) |
2.6 (1.0) |
5.8 (2.3) |
33.5 (13.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.9 | 12.7 | 11.2 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 14.9 | 13.2 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 14.0 | 151.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 82 | 74 | 72 | 74 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 78 | 81 | 86 | 88 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 66 | 99 | 157 | 185 | 241 | 253 | 276 | 263 | 193 | 159 | 88 | 52 | 2,030 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Romanian National Statistic Institute[9] NOAA (snowfall 1961–1990),[10] Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1973–1993)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Timișoara (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.0 (105.8) |
39.7 (103.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
27.1 (80.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.6 (42.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.3 (57.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −35.3 (−31.5) |
−29.2 (−20.6) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−35.3 (−31.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40 (1.6) |
36 (1.4) |
37 (1.5) |
48 (1.9) |
65 (2.6) |
76 (3.0) |
64 (2.5) |
50 (2.0) |
40 (1.6) |
39 (1.5) |
48 (1.9) |
50 (2.0) |
593 (23.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 9.8 (3.9) |
9.3 (3.7) |
4.4 (1.7) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.7 (1.5) |
7.2 (2.8) |
34.4 (13.5) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 89 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 90 | 86 | 79 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 76 | 81 | 85 | 89 | 80 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 72.1 | 92.2 | 155.4 | 186.4 | 242.4 | 262.3 | 300.6 | 280.2 | 217.5 | 177.3 | 86.4 | 56.9 | 2,129.7 |
| Source 1: NOAA,[12] Deutscher Wetterdienst[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Institute of Statistics (extremes, 1901–2000)[14] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Iași, Romania (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.1 (104.2) |
39.7 (103.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
40.1 (104.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
2.3 (36.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
3.9 (39.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.6 (−23.1) |
−36.3 (−33.3) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−21.1 (−6.0) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
−36.3 (−33.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.9 (1.10) |
25.9 (1.02) |
30.8 (1.21) |
46.1 (1.81) |
55.2 (2.17) |
88.2 (3.47) |
74.9 (2.95) |
54.9 (2.16) |
54.9 (2.16) |
37.0 (1.46) |
34.3 (1.35) |
31.6 (1.24) |
561.7 (22.11) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 11.3 (4.4) |
14.3 (5.6) |
11.9 (4.7) |
6.9 (2.7) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.7 (0.3) |
10.4 (4.1) |
6.3 (2.5) |
61.8 (24.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.6 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 130.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 80 | 71 | 62 | 61 | 62 | 60 | 63 | 66 | 73 | 79 | 83 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67 | 91 | 136 | 180 | 256 | 260 | 288 | 275 | 200 | 153 | 79 | 61 | 2,046 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[15] Ogimet (mean temperatures and sun 1981–2010)[16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Romanian National Statistic Institute (extremes 1901–2000),[17] NOAA (sunshine and snowfall 1961–1990),[18] Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes, 1896–2015 and humidity, 1896–1960)[19] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Constanța (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
36.9 (98.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.0 (69.8) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.7 (45.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.7 (−12.5) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.6 (1.09) |
24.0 (0.94) |
34.0 (1.34) |
31.8 (1.25) |
37.9 (1.49) |
40.4 (1.59) |
37.5 (1.48) |
35.2 (1.39) |
42.1 (1.66) |
36.8 (1.45) |
45.6 (1.80) |
37.0 (1.46) |
429.9 (16.93) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 7.0 (2.8) |
7.0 (2.8) |
4.2 (1.7) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
5.5 (2.2) |
3.4 (1.3) |
27.1 (10.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.9 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 97.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 85 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 78 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 82 | 86 | 88 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 87 | 110 | 140 | 192 | 272 | 282 | 327 | 308 | 230 | 168 | 102 | 83 | 2,301 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[20] Ogimet (mean temperatures and sun 1981–2010)[21] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Romanian National Statistic Institute (extremes 1901–2000),[22] NOAA (snowfall 1961–1990),[23] Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1973–1993)[24] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sulina (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1961−2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
33.8 (92.8) |
34.5 (94.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
32.6 (90.7) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
34.5 (94.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.1 (37.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
3.3 (37.9) |
8.6 (47.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.0 (42.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.7 (0.1) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.0 (0.63) |
11.9 (0.47) |
17.4 (0.69) |
14.0 (0.55) |
20.3 (0.80) |
28.3 (1.11) |
18.9 (0.74) |
23.5 (0.93) |
21.5 (0.85) |
24.3 (0.96) |
22.7 (0.89) |
21.7 (0.85) |
240.5 (9.47) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 42.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 82 | 80 | 77 | 76 | 73 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 83 | 84 | 78 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
8.5 (47.2) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 75.9 | 103.1 | 148.3 | 204.2 | 278.9 | 305.1 | 334.7 | 308.5 | 229.7 | 159.8 | 90.0 | 73.4 | 2,311.6 |
| Source 1: NOAA (dew point 1961–1990)[25][26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (humidity, 1931–1960)[27] | |||||||||||||
Other locations
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
1.1 (33.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.9 (14.2) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.8 (40.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.5 (9.5) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
4.8 (40.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.3 (−26.1) |
−35.5 (−31.9) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−19.4 (−2.9) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−17.6 (0.3) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−26.5 (−15.7) |
−29.2 (−20.6) |
−35.5 (−31.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.2 (2.02) |
50.5 (1.99) |
63.9 (2.52) |
64.6 (2.54) |
98.2 (3.87) |
139.9 (5.51) |
140.0 (5.51) |
105.5 (4.15) |
70.5 (2.78) |
60.3 (2.37) |
49.0 (1.93) |
56.5 (2.22) |
950.1 (37.41) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 50.6 (19.9) |
62.4 (24.6) |
71.8 (28.3) |
85.1 (33.5) |
85.3 (33.6) |
46.2 (18.2) |
7.3 (2.9) |
4.8 (1.9) |
12.4 (4.9) |
16.3 (6.4) |
20.8 (8.2) |
37.6 (14.8) |
500.6 (197.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.2 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 139.3 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 108.9 | 106.2 | 119.8 | 123.9 | 142.8 | 144.7 | 176.4 | 181.3 | 142.2 | 156.5 | 118.6 | 104.7 | 1,626 |
| Source: NOAA NCEI[28][29] | |||||||||||||
- Snowfall and Dew point data are for the 1961-1990 period.