Clostridium novyi-NT
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| Clostridium novyi -NT | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Bacillati |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Clostridia |
| Order: | Eubacteriales |
| Family: | Clostridiaceae |
| Genus: | Clostridium |
| Species: | C. novyi |
| Strain: | C. n. -NT |
| Trionomial name | |
Clostridium novyi -NT | |
Clostridium novyi-NT is an attenuated strain of Clostridium novyi that is under investigation as a cancer treatment. It is one of several pathogenic species of Clostridium bacteria that have been examined for this purpose. The modification eliminated the secretion of α-toxin.[1]
Syngeneic and xenograft experimental tumors across multiple animal species were treated with injected or intravenous C. novyi-NT spores, including colon and pancreatic cancers in mice, aggressive squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits, and glioblastomas in rats. [citation needed]
Effects included hemorrhagic necrosis, tumor cell lysis, and tumor regression. Intratumoral application increased spore concentrations in the tumor and reduced side effects. Bacteriolysis in hypoxic tumor parts can be combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation that are more effective in proliferating, non-hypoxic areas at the cost of increased toxicity.[citation needed]
Normal cells are generally not hypoxic, preventing these bacteria from penetrating such tumors. Bacteria also potentially can stimulate the immune system, possibly offsetting the tumor-induced immunosuppression, such as from PD-L1.[1]
Clostridium novyi
C. novyi is ubiquitous in soil and feces and can infect mammals. Rare human infections can lead to gas gangrene are often fatal particularly after wounds or drug use. It secretes α-toxin.[1]
Among the various Clostridium strains that have been examined, pathogenic strains have a stronger oncolytic effect than others.[1]