Comparison of Cantonese transcription systems
Comparison of common Cantonese transcription systems
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The chart below shows the difference between S. L. Wong romanization, the Cantonese Transliteration Scheme, ILE romanization, Jyutping, Yale, Sidney Lau, Meyer–Wempe, along with IPA, S. L. Wong phonetic symbols and Cantonese bopomofo.
Chart
Initials
| IPA | S. L. Wong Phonetic Symbols | Bopomofo | S. L. Wong Romanization | Cantonese Transliteration Scheme | ILE | Jyutping | Yale | Sidney Lau | Meyer– Wempe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 巴 | [p] | /b/ | ㄅ | b | b | b | b | b | b | p |
| 怕 | [pʰ] | /p/ | ㄆ | p | p | p | p | p | p | p' |
| 媽 | [m] | /m/ | ㄇ | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
| 花 | [f] | /f/ | ㄈ | f | f | f | f | f | f | f |
| 打 | [t] | /d/ | ㄉ | d | d | d | d | d | d | t |
| 他 | [tʰ] | /t/ | ㄊ | t | t | t | t | t | t | t' |
| 那 | [n] | /n/ | ㄋ | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| 啦 | [l] | /l/ | ㄌ | l | l | l | l | l | l | l |
| 家 | [k] | /g/ | ㄍ | g | g | g | g | g | g | k |
| 卡 | [kʰ] | /k/ | ㄎ | k | k | k | k | k | k | k' |
| 牙 | [ŋ] | /ŋ/ | ㄫ | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng |
| 蝦 | [h] | /h/ | ㄏ | h | h | h | h | h | h | h |
| 將 | [ts] | /dz/ | ㄗ | dz | z | dz | z | j | j | ts |
| 張 | [tɕ] | /dz₂/ | ㄐ | dj | j | dz | z | j | j | ch |
| 鏘 | [tsʰ] | /ts/ | ㄘ | ts | c | ts | c | ch | ch | ts' |
| 昌 | [tɕʰ] | /ts₂/ | ㄑ | ch | q | ts | c | ch | ch | ch' |
| 士 | [s] | /s/ | ㄙ | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
| 是 | [ɕ] | /s₂/ | ㄒ | sh | x | s | s | s | s | sh |
| 瓜 | [kʷ] | /gw/ | ㄍㄨ | gw | gu | gw | gw | gw | gw | kw |
| 誇 | [kʷʰ] | /kw/ | ㄎㄨ | kw | ku | kw | kw | kw | kw | k'w |
| 也 | [j] | /j/ | ㄧ | y | y | j | j | y | y | y/i |
| 華 | [w] | /w/ | ㄨ | w | w | w | w | w | w | w/oo |
Finals
| IPA | S. L. Wong Phonetic Symbols | Bopomofo | S. L. Wong Romanization | Cantonese Transliteration Scheme | ILE | Jyutping | Yale | Sidney Lau | Meyer– Wempe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 呀 | [aː] | /a/ | ㄚ | a | a | aa | aa | a | a | a |
| 挨 | [aːi] | /ai/ | ㄞ | aai | ai | aai | aai | aai | aai | aai |
| 拗 | [aːu] | /au/ | ㄠ | aau | ao | aau | aau | aau | aau | aau |
| 啱 | [aːm] | /am/ | ㆰ | aam | am | aam | aam | aam | aam | aam |
| 晏 | [aːn] | /an/ | ㄢ | aan | an | aan | aan | aan | aan | aan |
| 罌 | [aːŋ] | /aŋ/ | ㄤ | aang | ang | aang | aang | aang | aang | aang |
| 鴨 | [aːp̚] | /ap/ | ㄚㆴ | aap | ab | aap | aap | aap | aap | aap |
| 押 | [aːt̚] | /at/ | ㄚㆵ | aat | ad | aat | aat | aat | aat | aat |
| 軛 | [aːk̚] | /ak/ | ㄚㆶ | aak | ag | aak | aak | aak | aak | aak |
| 矮 | [ɐi] | /ɐi/ | ㄞ | ai | ei | ai | ai | ai | ai | ai |
| 歐 | [ɐu] | /ɐu/ | ㄠ | au | eo | au | au | au | au | au |
| 庵 | [ɐm] | /ɐm/ | ㆰ/ㆱ | am | em | am | am | am | am | am/om |
| 奀 | [ɐn] | /ɐn/ | ㄢ | an | en | an | an | an | an | an |
| 鶯 | [ɐŋ] | /ɐŋ/ | ㄤ | ang | eng | ang | ang | ang | ang | ang |
| 噏 | [ɐp̚] | /ɐp/ | ㄚㆴ | ap | eb | ap | ap | ap | ap | ap/op |
| 兀 | [ɐt̚] | /ɐt/ | ㄚㆵ | at | ed | at | at | at | at | at |
| 搤 | [ɐk̚] | /ɐk/ | ㄚㆶ | ak | eg | ak | ak | ak | ak | ak |
| 誒 | [ɛː] | /ɛ/ | ㄝ | e | é | e | e | e | e | e |
| 欸 | [ei] | /ei/ | ㄟ | ei | éi | ei | ei | ei | ei | ei |
| (掉)* | [ɛːu] | /ɛu/ | ㄝㄨ | eu | eu | |||||
| (舔)* | [ɛːm] | /ɛm/ | ㄝㆬ | em | em | |||||
| (円)* | [ɛːn] | /ɛn/ | ㄝㄣ | en | en | |||||
| (贏) | [ɛːŋ] | /ɛŋ/ | ㄝㆭ | eng | éng | eng | eng | eng | eng | eng |
| (夾)* | [ɛːp̚] | /ɛp/ | ㄝㆴ | ep | ep | |||||
| ( ) | [ɛːt̚] | /ɛt/ | ㄝㆵ | et | et | |||||
| (尺) | [ɛːk̚] | /ɛk/ | ㄝㆶ | ek | ég | ek | ek | ek | ek | ek |
| 衣 | [iː] | /i/ | ㄧ | i | i | i | i | i | i | i |
| 妖 | [iːu] | /iu/ | ㄧㄨ | iu | iu | iu | iu | iu | iu | iu |
| 淹 | [iːm] | /im/ | ㄧㆬ | im | im | im | im | im | im | im |
| 煙 | [iːn] | /in/ | ㄧㄣ | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 英 | [eŋ] | /eŋ/ | ㆬ | ing | ing | ing | ing | ing | ing | ing |
| 葉 | [iːp̚] | /ip/ | ㄧㆴ | ip | ib | ip | ip | ip | ip | ip |
| 熱 | [iːt̚] | /it/ | ㄧㆵ | it | id | it | it | it | it | it |
| 益 | [ek̚] | /ek/ | ㄧㆶ | ik | ig | ik | ik | ik | ik | ik |
| 柯 | [ɔː] | /ɔ/ | ㄛ | o | o | o | o | o | oh | oh |
| 哀 | [ɔːy] | /ɔi/ | ㄛㄧ | oi | oi | oi | oi | oi | oi | oi |
| 奧 | [ou] | /ou/ | ㄡ | ou | ou | ou | ou | ou | o | o |
| 安 | [ɔːn] | /ɔn/ | ㄛㄣ | on | on | on | on | on | on | on |
| 盎 | [ɔːŋ] | /ɔŋ/ | ㆲ | ong | ong | ong | ong | ong | ong | ong |
| (渴) | [ɔːt̚] | /ɔt/ | ㄛㆵ | ot | od | ot | ot | ot | ot | ot |
| 惡 | [ɔːk̚] | /ɔk/ | ㄛㆶ | ok | og | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok |
| 烏 | [uː] | /u/ | ㄨ | u | u | u | u | u | oo | oo |
| 煨 | [uːy] | /ui/ | ㄨㄧ | ui | ui | ui | ui | ui | ooi | ooi |
| 碗 | [uːn] | /un/ | ㄨㄣ | un | un | un | un | un | oon | oon |
| 甕 | [oŋ] | /uŋ/ | ㄛㆭ | ung | ung | ung | ung | ung | ung | ung |
| 活 | [uːt̚] | /ut/ | ㄨㆵ | ut | ud | ut | ut | ut | oot | oot |
| 屋 | [ok̚] | /uk/ | ㄨㆶ | uk | ug | uk | uk | uk | uk | uk |
| 靴 | [œː] | /œ/ | ㄜ | eu | ê | oe | oe | eu | euh | oeh |
| (央) | [œːŋ] | /œŋ/ | ㄥ | eung | êng | oeng | oeng | eung | eung | eung |
| (約) | [œːk̚] | /œk/ | ㄜㆶ | euk | êg | oek | oek | euk | euk | euk |
| (銳) | [ɵy] | /œy/ | ㄜㄩ | eue | êu | oey | eoi | eui | ui | ui |
| (閏) | [ɵn] | /œn/ | ㄣ | eun | ên | oen | eon | eun | un | un |
| (律) | [ɵt̚] | /œt/ | ㄛㆵ | eut | êd | oet | eot | eut | ut | ut |
| 於 | [yː] | /y/ | ㄩ | ue | ü | y | yu | yu | ue | ue |
| 冤 | [yːn] | /yn/ | ㄩㄣ | uen | ün | yn | yun | yun | uen | uen |
| 月 | [yːt̚] | /yt/ | ㄩㆵ | uet | üd | yt | yut | yut | uet | uet |
| 唔 | [m̩] | /m/ | ㆬ | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
| 五 | [ŋ̍] | /ŋ/ | ㆭ | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng | ng |
Tones
| IPA | Jyutping | ILE | Yale | Cantonese Transliteration Scheme | Sidney Lau |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| íː | i1 | i1 | ī | i1 | i1˚ |
| îː | i1 | i1 | ì | i1 | i1 |
| ǐː | i2 | i2 | í | i2 | i2 |
| īː | i3 | i3 | i | i3 | i3 |
| i̭ː | i4 | i4 | ìh | i4 | i4 |
| i̬ː | i5 | i5 | íh | i5 | i5 |
| ìː | i6 | i6 | ih | i6 | i6 |
| ɪ́k̚ | ik1 | ik7 | īk | ig1 | ik1 |
| ɪ̄k̚ | ik3 | ik8 | ik | ig3 | ik3 |
| ɪ̀k̚ | ik6 | ik9 | ihk | ig6 | ik6 |
References
- Ulving, Tor (1958). "The Transcription of Cantonese: A Critical Review of Some Current Systems of 'Tonal Spelling', and a Presentation of a New Rational Transcription". T'oung Pao. 46 (1/2): 81–110. JSTOR 20185468.
- Kataoka, Shin (2017). "Transcription Systems: For Cantonese". Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics. Brill.
- Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A system without a system: Cantonese romanization used in Hong Kong place and personal names" (PDF). Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics. 11 (1): 79–98.