Comparison of Java virtual machines
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| Name | Creator | First public release | Latest stable version | Latest release date | Cost, availability | License |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse OpenJ9 (formerly IBM J9) | IBM | 15 Mar 2018[1] | 0.58.0[2]  |
17 March 2026 | Free | Eclipse Public License 2.0 Apache License 2.0 |
| GCJ | GNU | 6 September 1998 | 6.4 (Terminal) | 4 July 2017 | Free | GPL version 2 or later, with the "libgcc exception"[3] |
| GraalVM | Oracle | May 2019 | Oracle GraalVM 25.0.2[4] |
20 January 2026 | Free | GPL version 2 only |
| HotSpot, OpenJDK edition | Sun Microsystems, Oracle | 27 April 1999 | jdk-16 | 16 March 2021 | Free | GPL version 2 only |
| HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition | Sun Microsystems, Oracle | 27 April 1999 | jdk 16 | 16 March 2021 | Free | Proprietary |
| HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition | Sun Microsystems, Oracle | 27 April 1999 | ? | ? | Commercial | Proprietary[5] |
| HotSpot, Zero port | Gary Benson[6] | ? | ? | ? | Free | GPL version 2 only |
| IKVM | Jeroen Frijters | 28 June 2004 | 8.15.0[7] |
6 December 2025 | Free | zlib License[8] |
| JamVM | Robert Lougher | 13 March 2003 | 2.0.0 | 30 July 2014 | Free | GPL version 2 or later |
| Jikes RVM | IBM | 14 October 2001 | 3.1.4[9] | 18 February 2016[9] | Free | Eclipse Public License version 1.0[10] |
| Kaffe | Transvirtual Technologies | 1996 | 1.1.9 | 22 February 2008 | Free | GPL version 2 or later[11] |
| SableVM | Sable Research Group | ? | 1.13 | 30 March 2007[12] | Free | LGPL version 2.1 or later |
Technical information
| JVM | Status | Latest supported Java version | Supported class libraries | Performance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GNU Classpath | OpenJDK | Other | Interpretation | AOT | JIT | |||
| GCJ | No longer maintained or distributed by GNU as of GCC 7[13] | ? | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| HotSpot, OpenJDK edition | Reference implementation. | 1.8 | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition | Reference implementation. | 1.8 | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition | ? | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| HotSpot, Zero port | Interpreter-only port of OpenJDK using almost no assembly language and designed to be very portable. | 1.7 | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| IKVM | 1.8[14] | ? | ? | Depends on .NET runtime | ||||
| JamVM | 1.8[15] | Yes[16] | Yes[16] | Yes[16] | No | Yes[16] | ||
| Jikes RVM | 1.6[17] | Yes[18] | Port[19][20] | Apache Harmony[18] | No[21] | ? | Yes | |
| Kaffe | 1.4[11] | Yes[11] | No | Yes[11] | No[11] | Yes[11] | ||
| SableVM | Unmaintained | 1.4 | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | |