Tippecanoe County, Indiana

County in Indiana, United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tippecanoe County (/ˌtɪpəkəˈnuː/ TIP-ə-kə-NOO) is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Indiana about 22 miles (35 km) east of the Illinois state line, less than 50 miles (80 km) from the Indianapolis metro area, and 130 miles (210 km) from Chicago. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,251.[1] The county seat and largest city is Lafayette.[2] It was created in 1826 from Wabash County portion of New Purchase and unorganized territory.[3] Tippecanoe County was formed on March 1, 1826, and named for the anglicization of "Kiteepihkwana", a Miami people term meaning "place of the buffalo fish people."[4] The county is best known for Purdue University, the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe, and the Tippecanoe County Courthouse, a structure built in 1881 and included in the National Register of Historic Places. Tippecanoe County is part of the Lafayette, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Country United States
FoundedMarch 1, 1826
SeatLafayette
TimezoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
Quick facts Country, State ...
Tippecanoe County, Indiana
County
Tippecanoe County Courthouse in Lafayette, Indiana
Tippecanoe County Courthouse in Lafayette, Indiana
Map of Indiana highlighting Tippecanoe County
Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
Coordinates: 40°23′N 86°53′W
Country United States
State Indiana
FoundedMarch 1, 1826
Named afterKethtippecanoogi ("Place of the Succor Fish People" in Miami)
SeatLafayette
Largest cityLafayette
Area
 • Total
503.24 sq mi (1,303.4 km2)
 • Land499.81 sq mi (1,294.5 km2)
 • Water3.44 sq mi (8.9 km2)  0.68%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
186,251
 • Estimate 
(2025)
190,456 Increase
 • Density372.64/sq mi (143.88/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitewww.tippecanoe.in.gov
Indiana county number 79
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History

Further information: History of Indiana and Lafayette, Indiana § History

The history of Tippecanoe County spans six distinct political and cultural periods: Native American lands from at least 8000BC, including the Mississippian culture, French occupation (part of New France beginning in the 1670s), British occupation starting in 1763, part of the United States Northwest Territory in 1787, part of Indiana Territory in 1800, and finally part of the State of Indiana in 1816. The political organization of the county began in 1826 by the act of the Indiana Legislature.

The first European explorers arrived in the 1670s, and the first permanent settlement was Fort Ouiatenon by the French established in 1717. Lafayette was platted in 1825, and Purdue University was founded in 1869.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 503.24 square miles (1,303.4 km2), of which 499.81 square miles (1,294.5 km2) (or 99.32%) is land and 3.44 square miles (8.9 km2) (or 0.68%) is water.[5] The county's highest point is in the Lauramie Township.[6]

Adjacent counties

Communities

The county courthouse and nearby buildings along the Wabash River in Lafayette and West Lafayette
The view northeast into the town of Battle Ground

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated places

Extinct

Townships

A freight train approaches the town of South Raub on the border of Randolph and Wea Townships.

Climate and weather

Quick facts Lafayette, Indiana, Climate chart (explanation) ...
Lafayette, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[8]
Metric conversion
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In recent years, temperatures in Lafayette have ranged from an average low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −23 °F (−31 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.58 inches (40 mm) inches in February to 4.24 inches (108 mm) inches in June.[8]

Transportation

Highways

Railroads

Three different railroad lines intersect in Tippecanoe County, all running through the Lafayette area. CSX Transportation operates a north–south line; Norfolk Southern Railway operates a southwest-to-northeast line,[9] and the Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad operates a daily-service line running from the northwest to the southeast.

The Amtrak Cardinal stops at the Lafayette Station three times a week, and is the only provider of passenger rail service to Greater Lafayette.

Airport

The county contains one public-use airport: Purdue University Airport (LAF) in West Lafayette, Indiana.[10]

Government

See also: Government of Indiana

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

The county council is the fiscal branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. The county council and the board of commissioners share legislative authority.[11] Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[12][13]

The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[12][13]

The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[13]

The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.[13]

Politics

In the 2008 Democratic primary, Tippecanoe County was one of 10 (out of 92) Indiana counties to give the majority of its votes to Barack Obama.[14] In the 2008 presidential election, Tippecanoe County was one of 15 Indiana counties to give the majority of its votes to Obama/Biden. Due to the sizable support of Purdue University students, Tippecanoe County played a pivotal role in Barack Obama's upset win in Indiana (49.9%–49.0%; 1,367,264 votes to 1,341,101 votes) by supporting the Democratic ticket of Barack Obama and Joe Biden 55.1–43.5% over the Republican ticket of John McCain/Sarah Palin.[15] However, in the 2020 presidential election in Indiana, Tippecanoe County also voted for Democrat Joe Biden by a margin of 436 votes, the first time since 2008 the county went for the Democrats. In 2024 the county swung back to the Republican column, although Trump only won the county by 100 votes.

Tippecanoe has been somewhat conservative for a county dominated by a college town. While most such counties swung hard to the Democrats in the 1990s, Obama's win in 2008 was only the fourth time it went Democratic in a presidential election since 1888.

Tippecanoe County is one of only thirteen counties to have voted for Obama in 2008, Romney in 2012, Trump in 2016, and Biden in 2020.[a]

More information Year, Republican ...
United States presidential election results for Tippecanoe County, Indiana[16]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
1888 5,072 53.39% 4,281 45.06% 147 1.55%
1892 4,856 51.10% 4,386 46.15% 261 2.75%
1896 6,239 56.77% 4,639 42.21% 111 1.01%
1900 6,317 56.29% 4,673 41.64% 232 2.07%
1904 6,581 59.83% 4,031 36.65% 388 3.53%
1908 6,164 53.42% 4,984 43.19% 391 3.39%
1912 3,006 28.22% 4,442 41.70% 3,205 30.09%
1916 6,386 54.73% 4,918 42.15% 365 3.13%
1920 12,730 61.68% 7,562 36.64% 347 1.68%
1924 12,161 58.40% 7,619 36.59% 1,043 5.01%
1928 15,165 63.25% 8,720 36.37% 93 0.39%
1932 11,818 46.05% 13,609 53.03% 236 0.92%
1936 13,081 50.08% 12,732 48.74% 309 1.18%
1940 16,148 56.96% 12,129 42.78% 73 0.26%
1944 15,888 60.61% 10,229 39.02% 95 0.36%
1948 17,034 60.60% 10,825 38.51% 248 0.88%
1952 23,447 70.53% 9,678 29.11% 121 0.36%
1956 23,776 70.25% 9,995 29.53% 72 0.21%
1960 24,572 63.55% 14,041 36.31% 55 0.14%
1964 19,036 48.35% 20,257 51.45% 79 0.20%
1968 24,352 59.44% 14,528 35.46% 2,088 5.10%
1972 31,565 68.08% 14,598 31.48% 203 0.44%
1976 29,186 61.33% 17,850 37.51% 551 1.16%
1980 27,589 56.92% 14,636 30.20% 6,245 12.88%
1984 29,706 64.75% 15,789 34.42% 381 0.83%
1988 27,897 62.88% 16,256 36.64% 211 0.48%
1992 23,050 45.79% 17,343 34.46% 9,941 19.75%
1996 22,556 49.48% 17,232 37.80% 5,798 12.72%
2000 26,106 56.39% 18,220 39.36% 1,969 4.25%
2004 30,897 59.01% 20,818 39.76% 645 1.23%
2008 29,822 43.45% 37,781 55.05% 1,033 1.51%
2012 28,757 50.40% 26,711 46.81% 1,595 2.80%
2016 30,768 48.57% 27,282 43.07% 5,292 8.35%
2020 34,581 48.15% 35,017 48.75% 2,226 3.10%
2024 32,783 48.79% 32,683 48.64% 1,728 2.57%
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Demographics

More information Census, Pop. ...
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18307,187—
184013,72491.0%
185019,37741.2%
186025,72632.8%
187033,51530.3%
188035,9667.3%
189035,078−2.5%
190038,65910.2%
191040,0633.6%
192042,8136.9%
193047,53511.0%
194051,0207.3%
195074,47346.0%
196089,12219.7%
1970109,37822.7%
1980121,70211.3%
1990130,5987.3%
2000148,95514.1%
2010172,78016.0%
2020186,2517.8%
2025 (est.)190,456[17] Increase2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[18]
1790-1960[19] 1900-1990[20]
1990-2000[21] 2010[22]
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Racial and ethnic composition

More information Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic), Pop 1980 ...
Tippecanoe County, Indiana – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[23] Pop 1990[24] Pop 2000[25] Pop 2010[26] Pop 2020[27] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 116,014 120,724 128,653 138,855 131,465 95.33% 92.44% 86.37% 80.37% 70.58%
Black or African American alone (NH) 2,026 2,636 3,698 6,731 11,080 1.66% 2.02% 2.48% 3.90% 5.95%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 156 302 350 349 346 0.13% 0.23% 0.23% 0.20% 0.19%
Asian alone (NH) 1,703 4,784 6,630 10,679 13,613 1.40% 3.66% 4.45% 6.18% 7.31%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [28] x [29] 31 41 38 x x 0.02% 0.02% 0.02%
Other race alone (NH) 418 74 220 237 791 0.34% 0.06% 0.15% 0.14% 0.42%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [30] x [31] 1,539 2,941 10,271 x x 1.03% 1.70% 5.51%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 1,385 2,078 7,834 12,947 18,647 1.14% 1.59% 5.26% 7.49% 10.01%
Total 121,702 130,598 148,955 172,780 186,251 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 186,251. The median age was 29.6 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 12.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 102.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 102.4 males age 18 and over.[32][33]

The racial makeup of the county was 72.8% White, 6.0% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.3% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 4.5% from some other race, and 8.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 10.0% of the population.[33]

84.3% of residents lived in urban areas, while 15.7% lived in rural areas.[34]

There were 71,651 households in the county, of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 40.1% were married-couple households, 24.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.9% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[32]

There were 77,797 housing units, of which 7.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 53.5% were owner-occupied and 46.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.2%.[32]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 172,780 people, 65,532 households, and 37,003 families residing in the county.[35] The population density was 345.7 inhabitants per square mile (133.5/km2). There were 71,096 housing units at an average density of 142.2 per square mile (54.9/km2).[5] The racial makeup of the county was 84.0% white, 6.2% Asian, 4.0% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.5% of the population.[35] In terms of ancestry, 27.5% were German, 13.9% were Irish, 10.8% were English, and 6.1% were American.[36]

Of the 65,532 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 43.5% were non-families, and 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age was 27.7 years.[35]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $60,367. Males had a median income of $45,018 versus $31,995 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,203. About 10.3% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.[37]

Education

School districts with territory in the county include Lafayette School Corporation, Tippecanoe School Corporation, West Lafayette Community School Corporation, and Benton Community School Corporation.[38]

Purdue and Ivy Tech each have campuses at other sites in Indiana.

Libraries

  • Tippecanoe County Public Library[39]
  • West Lafayette Public Library[40]

Universities and colleges

High schools

Middle schools/junior high schools

  • Lafayette Sunnyside Middle School[49]
  • Lafayette Tecumseh Junior High School[50]
  • TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Middle School[51]
  • TSC (Harrison) East Tipp Middle School[52]
  • TSC (Harrison) Klondike Middle School[53]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Southwestern Middle School[54]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Wainwright Middle School[55]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Middle School[56]
  • West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School[47]

Elementary schools

  • Lafayette Edgelea Elementary School[57]
  • Lafayette Glen Acres Elementary School[58]
  • Lafayette Miami Elementary School[59]
  • Lafayette Miller Elementary School[60]
  • Lafayette Murdock Elementary School[61]
  • Lafayette (charter) New Community School[62]
  • Lafayette Vinton Elementary School[63]
  • TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Elementary School[64]
  • TSC (Harrison) Burnett Creek Elementary School[65]
  • TSC (Harrison) Hershey Elementary School[66]
  • TSC (Harrison) Klondike Elementary School[67]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Dayton Elementary School[68]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) James Cole Elementary School[69]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Mayflower Mill Elementary School[70]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Mintonye Elementary School[71]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Elementary School[72]
  • TSC (McCutcheon) Woodland Elementary School[73]
  • TSC (Harrison/McCutcheon) Wyandotte Elementary School[74]
  • West Lafayette Elementary School[75]
  • West Lafayette Intermediate School

Private schools

  • Apostolic Christian Academy
  • Concord School
  • Faith Christian School
  • First Assembly Christian Academy
  • Highland Christian School K–8
  • Lafayette Catholic Schools[76] K–12
  • Lafayette Christian School[77] K–8
  • Lafayette Faith Baptist[78]
  • Lighthouse Baptist Christian Academy
  • Pleasantview Christian School
  • St Boniface 4–6
  • St James Lutheran K–8
  • St Mary Cathedral Elementary K–3

Economy

Much of the economy of Tippecanoe County is centered in its two largest communities: Lafayette and West Lafayette. Purdue University is by far the largest employer in the county, but private industry and commerce independent of the university also employ many others. Major employers include Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Wabash National, Caterpillar, Fairfield Manufacturing, Franciscan Health Lafayette, Alcoa, State Farm, and Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital.

Notable people

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

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