Coulomb drag
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In condensed matter physics, Coulomb drag (also called electron drag or current drag) refers a transport phenomenon between two spatially isolated electrical conductors, where passing a steady electric current through one of them induces a voltage difference in the other. It is named after the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers (usually electrons) responsible for the effect.[1]
The effect was first predicted by Soviet physicist M. B. Pogrebinsky in 1977.[2][3] The first experimental verification of the phenomena was carried between 1991 and 1992 in two-dimensional electron gases by the group of James P. Eisenstein working with gallium arsenide (GaAs) double quantum wells.[2][4][5]
In the presence of magnetic fields it leads to analogous phenomena, like the Hall drag or the magneto-Coulomb drag.[2][6] When spin-polarized currents are involved, it is termed spin Coulomb drag.[7]