Cretan expedition (843)

On 824 or 827, Andalusian fugitives were expelled from Alexandria and left for the island of Crete. The fugitive leader, Abu Hafs, occupied the island. He founded the city of Chandax, which became its capital. The Byzantines were aware of the danger Crete poses to them. Soon they dispatched an expedition led by Damianos and Photenious but were defeated.^[1] Another expedition was launched in 828. Led by Krateros, the Byzantines were defeated, and Krateros was killed.^[2]

In the year 843, another expedition was launched after the death of Emperor Theophilos.^[3] This expedition was launched by Theoktistos and Sergios Niketiates.^[4] This expedition involved a large number of troops and ships, which were possibly prepared at the time of Theophilos, despite there being no evidence for it. On Sunday, March 18, of the same year, the expedition left Constantinople. Details of this expedition are short. As soon as the Byzantines arrived on Crete, the Arabs, who could not resist and match their strength, were alarmed. The easy landing of the Byzantines showed that the island possibly wasn't in full control by the Arabs.^[5] Instead of resisting, the Arabs bribed some Byzantine officers to spread a rumor that Theodora was planning to depose Theoktisos, who was the co-regent of Michael III. This forced him to leave his troops and sail for Constantinople. Niketiates was left to lead the army but died, possibly by natural causes. The Byzantine troops, leaderless, were subsequently massacred by the Arabs.^[6][7][8]