Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve
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| Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve | |
|---|---|
| Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Cujubim | |
IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) | |
  | |
| Nearest city | Jutaí, Amazonas |
| Coordinates | 5°32′06″S 69°06′32″W / 5.535°S 69.109°W |
| Area | 24,503.80 km2 (9,460.97 mi2) |
| Designation | Sustainable development reserve |
| Created | 5 September 2003 |
The Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Cujubim) is a sustainable development reserve in the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
The Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) takes its name from the Blue-throated piping guan (Aburria cumanensis), locally called the Cujubim and a common bird in the region.[1] The reserve is in the municipality of Jutaí, Amazonas and has an area of 24,503.80 km2 (9,460.97 mi2).[2] It is the largest conservation unit in Amazonas and the largest sustainable development reserve in the world.[1] It lies along the Jutaí River, a tributary of the Solimões River that flows in a northeast direction to the west of the Juruá River.[3] The conservation unit also contains the Biá and Mutum rivers, tributaries of the Jutaí.[1]
The reserve may be reached by boat from Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, 918 kilometres (570 mi) distant. The trip would typically take about eight days. A flight to Fonte Boa Airport, the nearest commercial airport, cuts the boat journey to three and a half days.[4]
The Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve is part of the Central Amazon Biodiversity Corridor, along with other conservation units on either side of the Solimões.[1] It is upstream from the Rio Jutaí Extractive Reserve. The Vale do Javari Indigenous Territory adjoins the reserve to the west and the Rio Biá Indigenous Territory adjoins it to the east. The Rio Biá Indigenous Territory in turn adjoins the Uacari Sustainable Development Reserve and the Médio Juruá Extractive Reserve on the Juruá.[3]
History
The Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve was created by decree 23.724 of 5 September 2003.[5] It became part of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor, established in 2002.[6] The deliberative council was created on 3 April 2008. The management plan was approved on 13 March 2009.[5] The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program.[7]
Environment
The weather is hot and humid. Average annual rainfall is 2,460 millimetres (97 in). Average temperatures range from 22 to 32 °C (72 to 90 °F). The land is flat, with maximum elevation of 70 metres (230 ft). Vegetation is mainly open alluvial forest with palms, but there is great diversity. The land along the rivers includes seasonally flooded várzea or igapó forests. Higher up the forest is terra firma, and is more dense or open depending on variations in relief. In some areas there is succession forest regenerating after human activities such as mining and oil prospecting.[1]
The reserve is in the Inambari area of endemism, one of the most diverse of the Amazon forest. More than 700 species of plant have been recorded. Further studies are needed, but the reserve is estimated to harbour at least 600 species of birds, 90 bats and 16 primates. The reserve hosts populations of threatened or endangered species such as the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), jaguar (Panthera onca), cougar (Puma concolor) and Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis). The first record in Brazil of the eastern lowland olingo (Bassaricyon alleni) was made in the reserve. Other species include white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), big-headed Amazon River turtle (Peltocephalus dumerilianus), six-tubercled Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis sextuberculata) and pirarucu (Arapaima gigas).[1]