Culmenella subspinosa

The shell of Culmenella subspinosa measures about 5.2–5.5 mm (0.20–0.22 in) in height, and 2.5–2.6 mm (0.098–0.102 in) in diameter. The aperture (shell opening) measures about 3.4–3.6 by 1.7–1.9 mm (0.134–0.142 by 0.067–0.075 in) in length and diameter, respectively. The front side of the aperture is wider than the back. There are 4 whorls (revolutions of the shell), which are rounded. A sculpture (3-dimensional structure) is present, consisting of tubercles arranged in spiralling lines, as well as raised lines that cross these.^[1]

It resembles Culmenella lineata, but can be distinguished by its larger size, more elongate shape of the shell, increased number of whorls, and shallower sutures, among other differences.^[1]

The radula (a toothy, tongue-like organ) and jaw of this species are similar to those of Camptoceras hirasei. However, the teeth are longer in C. subspinosa and the central rachidian teeth possess larger cusps. These rachidian teeth may have two distinct cusps or fused cusps, which form small points. In total, the species has about 37 teeth per row, with 1 central rachidian tooth bordered by 11 lateral and 7 marginal teeth on each side.^[1]

Culmenella subspinosa is known from the Kashmir region in South Asia, where it was originally described. 2 specimens were found on the side of a road between Khanabal and Islamabad, and one additional specimen was found in Srinagar. They may live in shallow pools of water or canals, underneath leaves and rocks.^[1]