Cuối language
Austroasiatic language spoken in Southeast Asia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cuối, also known as Thổ,[2] is a dialect cluster spoken by around 70,000 people in Vietnam. It is also spoken by a couple thousand people in Laos—mainly in the provinces of Bolikhamsai and Khammouane.
Phonology
Làng Lỡ dialect
Consonants
The consonant inventory of the Làng Lỡ dialect, as cited by Michel Ferlus:[3]
- [ʈ] is found in Vietnamese loanwords with initial /ʈ/ (orthographic ⟨tr⟩)
- [β ð ɣ ˀð] originate in the borrowing of segments from a variety of Vietnamese that existed several centuries ago.
Vowels
| Diphthongs of Cuối Làng Lỡ | iə | ɨə | uə | eə | oə |
|---|
Tones
There are eight tones in the Làng Lỡ. Tones 1 to 6 are found on sonorant-final syllables (a.k.a. 'live' syllables): syllables ending in a vowel, semi-vowel or nasal. Tones 7 and 8 are found on obstruent-final syllables (a.k.a. 'stopped' syllables), ending in -p -t -c -k.[3] This is a system comparable to that of Vietnamese.
Vocabulary
The data is from Cuoi Cham vocabulary recordings and the Mon-Khmer Etymological Dictionary.
| English | Cuối Chăm | Làng Lỡ | Hanoian Vietnamese | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cloud | mʌl¹ | mʌn¹ | məj˧˧ | mây |
| rain | mɐː² | mɨə¹ | mɨə˧˧ | mưa |
| wind | sɒː³ | juə³ | zɔ˧˦ | gió |
| thunder | kʰrʌm⁴ | ʂəm⁴ | səm˧˦ | sấm |
| earth, land | tʌt⁷ | tʌt⁷ | ʔɗət̚˧˦ | đất |
| cave | haːŋ¹ | haːŋ¹ | haːŋ˧˧ | hang |
| deep | kʰruː² | ʂuː² | səw˧˧ | sâu |
| water | daːk⁷ | daːk⁷ | nɨək̚˧˦ | nước |
| river | kʰrɔŋ¹ | ʂɔːŋ¹ | səwŋ͡m˧˧ | sông |
| puddle | puŋ⁶ | - | vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ | vũng |
| mud | puːl² | vuːn² | ʔɓun˨˩ | bùn |
| rock, stone | taː³ | δaː³ | ʔɗaː˧˦ | đá |
| bark | pɒː⁵ | ʂɔː⁵⁶ | vɔ˧˩ | vỏ |
| dog | cɒː³ | cɔː³ | t͡ɕɔ˧˦ | chó |
| cultivated field | rɔːŋ² | ʂɔːŋ² | zuəŋ˧˨ʔ | ruộng |
| to go | tiː² | tiː² | ʔɗi˧˧ | đi |
| to have | kɒː³ | kɔː³ | kɔ˧˦ | có |