Curculio glandium

Curculio glandium eggs are deposited in acorns by the adult weevil chewing channels into the fruit. The eggs are then released using an ovipositor, a long, narrow organ featured in female weevils.^[2] These do not reach the acorn's embryo and are healed by the plant, sealing the holes and protecting the eggs from parasites. Upon hatching, either one or two larvae consume the fruit. While they may eat the entirety of the acorn, the larvae typically do not consume the embryo itself.^[5] After the acorn drops to the gound, Curculio glandium larvae emerge from the acorn and burrow into the soil, where they live for 1-2 years before pupating and emerging as adults. ^[6]The larvae are freeze avoidant, preventing their internal body fluids from freezing during the winter.^[7][8]

Curculio glandium can pose a large risk to acorn-bearing tree populations. They are highly effective at infecting acorns which can cause a widespread number of seeds to be incapable of germination, with a potential of rendering 70–90% of seeds incapable of germination.^[1][5]