Cyrus Tiffany

By the time of the War of 1812, Tiffany was an elderly man known as "Old Tiffany" and served as Commodore Perry's personal servant. During the tumultuous battle on Lake Erie, Perry commanded Tiffany to stand with a musket on the berth deck and make sure no soldiers avoided fighting by staying below deck.^[4]

After staying by Perry's side for the full battle, Tiffany continued to serve with Perry. Some accounts say he stayed with Perry until Perry's death in 1819,^[5] while other records show that Tiffany died aboard the USS Java in 1818 and was buried at sea.^[1]

It has been estimated that approximately 10 percent of the sailors aboard Perry's ships were black men.^[5] Because of their experience in maritime trades, African Americans possessed skills that greatly helped Perry's campaign on Lake Erie.^[3] Other black sailors in the battle include Jesse Williams and Newport Hazard, who were both wounded in action.^[4] Several others were killed, including Jesse Walls and Isaac Hardy. Those who survived had varying experiences later — Williams was given a silver medal from the state of Pennsylvania for his service, but ship boy Jack Russell had to turn over his prize money to his master George Mason upon returning home.^[5]

Tiffany's actions are rarely mentioned in general tellings of the Battle of Lake Erie. Around 1943, a mural including Tiffany next to Perry was painted by Martyl Langsdorf in the Recorder of Deeds building in Washington, D.C.^[6] More recently, scholars such as Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Gene Allen Smith have included him in their research.^[5][3]