Daet

Pre-colonial period

Daet was already an old community even before the discovery of the Philippines by Magellan in 1521. An ancient tomb unearthed in the Bicol region revealed references described in the Panayam manuscripts known to oriental history as corresponding to the first half of the thirteenth century. The early settlers were believed to be direct descendants of the group of datus who escaped from the court of Brunei to evade the enmity of a ruling rajah.^{[citation needed]}

Spanish colonial period

In 1571, Juan de Salcedo, a Spanish conquistador arrived in the Bicol Region during an expedition in search of gold, particularly in the mountains of Camarines. He found Daet to be an already established and thriving settlement, with houses clustered together for safety and protection. In June 1583, the Franciscan Order confirmed the establishment of several doctrinas or mission settlements, including Daet.

Salcedo’s expedition marked the start of over 300 years of Spanish rule, combining religious conversion and colonial administration. In the early colonial period, Don Manuel de la Estrada, Marquis de Camarines, was exiled to the Philippines following a scandal in Spain. Settling in Daet, he oversaw the construction of key structures, including a church, stone bridges, and civic buildings. He also introduced abaca cultivation, which later became a key industry for the Philippines.

During the Spanish period, Daet occasionally suffered from raids by Moro pirates, prompting the fortification of nearby communities such as Mercedes, which later became an independent municipality in 1948. At the time, Daet served as the capital of the District of Daet, which encompassed the territory now known as Camarines Norte. In 1908, the barrio of Basud was separated from Daet to form its own municipality.

In the final years of Spanish colonial rule, Daet became a center of resistance. Thirteen residents were executed by Spanish authorities during Holy Week in April 1898 for their involvement in revolutionary activities. These individuals are remembered as martyrs in local history. Before the end of Spanish rule, Filipino insurgents in Daet managed to besiege the local Spanish garrison.^[9]

American colonial period

The Philippine–American War had a minimal impact on this town. American forces arrived unopposed on March 4, 1900, while most of the rest of the Bicol Region had already been subdued by Major Thomas McNamee,^{[citation needed]} operating under the overall command of General John C. Bates. This period laid the foundation for the present-day progress of the current generation.^[10]

Martial law

On the evening of September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the Philippines, including Daet, under martial law.^[11] The marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule.^[12][11] Even though Martial Law was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained essentially all of his powers as dictator until he was deposed by the February 1986 People Power revolution.^[12][13][14]

On June 14, 1982 Marcos administration forces opened fire on protesters from different barrios, who were marching to demand an increase in copra prices, and to denounce "fake elections" and Cocofed. The government forces who fired on the protesters were led by a certain Capt. Malilay."^[15] Four people died on the spot, and at least 50 were injured. Two of those who were seriously wounded died two months later.^[16] This has come to be known as the "1981 Daet massacre," and four of those killed have since been honored by having their names engraved on the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani memorial.^[17]

Contemporary

The cityhood bid for the municipality began in 2011 headed by then Mayor Tito Sarion.^[18] Due to its size, petitions were made to expand it for the municipality to satisfy the requirements for cityhood.^[19]

Climate

Barangays

Daet is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.^[20]

Natural Resources

The municipality is rich in mineral resources such as diatomaceous earth (DE) or commonly called white clay. This is one of the income generating industries of the municipality. This non-metallic mineral has a total approximate reserve of 1,289,600 metric tons.

The municipality also has a viable source of sand and gravel. It is being extracted by mining concessionaires.

Banking and Finance

As the center of commercial activities and trade in Camarines Norte, the capital sustains major commercial bank and savings bank in the province to provide its population ease in accessibility of financing and convenience in business.

Business Districts

Emulating the city planning and zone development of Naga City as one of its primary market catchment^{[citation needed]}, the local government of Daet intends to maintain its central area for commercial activities and public events in the convergence of its primary roads where the boundaries of Barangay 5, Barangay 6, Barangay 4, and Barangay 8 meet.

Another central business district in development is located along the four-lane national road in barangay Lag-on where SM City Daet is situated in front of the central bus terminal near a local college foundation and a road going to the Cathedral of Daet.

Public Safety and Order

Daet is one of the peaceful towns in the Bicol Region. Criminality and juvenile delinquency are minimal in spite of the fact that it is the urban center of the Province of Camarines Norte. The average monthly crime rate for the period January to December 2018 is 53.35%.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) provides the police service of Daet. The main police headquarter is located in barangay Dogongan. The Daet Police Station is located in barangay Pamorangon. Sub- stations are situated in Barangay Bagasbas, Barangay VI and in Barangay Camambugan at the Central Terminal Complex Compound. The Barangay Tanods of the twenty five (25) barangay augment the peace keeping force and help in the maintenance of peace and order in the area.

As of 2019, Daet had an actual police force of 91. Police force to population ratio is 1:1,235. The ideal police population ratio is 1:1000 or 1 police to 1000 population. It shows that there is a need to augment the police force to twenty one (21) more uniformed men to met the standard requirement.^[20]

Transportation

Transportation in Daet is primarily managed by the Department of Transportation. Road and Air transportation are the only available modes of transportation in Daet. Road transportation is the primary mode of transportation.

The town is linked to other parts of the Philippines by Maharlika Highway (N621), which has a section in Daet with a total length of 25.50 kilometers, stretching from the boundary of the Municipality of Daet to the Municipality of Basud in Barangay Tuaca.

Primary Roads

Most of its major highway are four lane roads providing wider channel for variety of transport vehicles and cargo in and out the municipality.

• Froilan Pimentel Avenue - central avenue forming the primary junction of north and south district
• Governor Panotes Avenue - main thoroughfare linking the municipality of Mercedes to Daet
• Bagasbas Road - eastern highway connecting Gahonon, Borabod, and Bagasbas to the center of Daet
• Vinzons Avenue - links the diversion road to the central business districts of Daet
• Diversion Road - traverses Talisay from north through Lag-on and to south from Basud via Pamorangon
• Cory Aquino Boulevard - connects Mercedes, Daet, Talisay and Vinzons via a coastal road along Bagasbas

Water

The barangays of the municipality are served by Levels I, II, and III water supply systems. The Camarines Norte Water District (CNWD) and PrimeWater is the main water supplier in Daet. Additionally, some barangays and properties without coverage rely on water wells(shallow, deep or dug)

Energy

Daet is being served by electric power, formerly by the defunct Hidalgo Electric Enterprise, now by the National Power Corporation and National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) through the Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative (CANORECO).

Communication

Telecommunications in Daet is managed by the National Telecommunications Commission. There are three satellites of Smart, Globe and DITO.

While postal mail services are run by the Philippine Postal Corporation. There is only one postal mail service office in Daet, which is located in Barangay Camambugan.

Surfing and beaches

Daet is a famous surfing and kiteboarding spot, as it has a long stretch of beach in Bagasbas. Because of the attention it has gotten from the local surfing community, the Philippine Department of Tourism turned it into a local accredited surfing spot.^[38]

Aside from being a spot for surfing and kiteboarding, the Calaguas group of islands, in the jurisdiction of Vinzons, to its north has garnered attention from local and foreign tourists alike. The islands can be considered virgin as no resorts have been created there yet.^{[citation needed]}

Places of interest

• University of Camarines Norte
• Central Plaza Mall (In Lag-On)
• Puregold Daet
• Bagasbas Beach
• Bagasbas Airport
• Daet Elevated Plaza
• SM Savemore Daet
• Cory Aquino Boulevard, the longest boulevard in the Philippines.
• SM City Daet^[39] (located in Lag-on) - The 3rd SM mall in Bicol region and 77th mall of SM Supermalls in the Philippines^[40]

Historical landmarks

• 1st Rizal Monument - The first monument in honor of a Filipino hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. Its foundation was made of mortars and boulders from the demolished old Spanish jail in Daet. Lt. Col. Antonio Sanz and Lt. Col. Ildefonso Alegre of Philippine Revolutionary Army initiated the construction of the monument which was unveiled on December 20, 1898.
• Provincial Capitol
• Old Daet Municipal Building
• Daet Elevated Town Plaza
• Daet Municipal Building
• President Cory Aquino Boulevard (Bagasbas Boulevard)
• Bagasbas Airport — located near the beach at barangay Bagasbas

Festivals

The Pineapple Festival (or "Pinyasan" as it is called by the locals) is considered to be the most colorful festivals in Camarines Norte. The festival started in 1992, and is about the province's prime agricultural product, which is the "Queen of All Pineapple" pineapple. Noted for its sweetness and flavor, this kind of pineapple is produced only in Camarines Norte, thereby making it a specialty in the province. The festival goes on for about 10 days, and several events are held in the municipality. The festival aims to promote the culture of Daet and its citizens. The Pineapple Festival is held every June 22–26 annually, initiated by Mayor Tito Sarte Sarion.

The Bantayog Festival celebrates the founding of Camarines Norte. As of 2025, it has been 107 years since the province has become independent, since March 10, 1917, when Ambos Camarines (At that time Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur were one province) was split from two. This festival promotes the province as one which has unnoticed potential in the fields of tourism and commerce, and also the rich culture and hospitality of the people of Camarines Norte. The Bantayog Festival is held every March or April annually. It was launched in April 1982.

Basic Education Schools

There are two schools district offices which govern all basic education institutions within the municipality. They oversee the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.^[41]

Higher education institutions

Daet is home to well-known tertiary education institutions^[42] in the province serving most of the youth sector quality learning experience and competitive training.

• ACLC Daet Campus
• University of Camarines Norte
• La Consolacion College of Daet, Inc.
• Mabini Colleges
• Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation
• Our Lady of Peñafrancia College - Daet