Daigaku-ryō
Former imperial university of Japan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Daigaku-ryō (大学寮) was the former Imperial university of Japan, founded at the end of the 7th century.[1] The Daigaku-ryō predates the Heian period, continuing in various forms through the early Meiji period. The director of the Daigaku-ryō was called the Daigaku-no-kami.[2]
The Daigaku-ryō was located near the Suzakumon at southern border of Kyoto's grid. In the 12th century, the original structure was destroyed by fire, and it was not rebuilt.[3]
Ritsuryō organization
The Daigaku-ryō was reorganized in 701.[1] It became part of the Ministry of the Civil Services (式部省, Shikibu-shō), also known as the "Ministry of Legislative Direction and Public Instruction".[4] Among other duties, this ministry collected and maintained biographical archives of meritorious subjects,[5] and those who would carry out the functions of the ministry were trained at the Daigaku-ryō.[1]
The Director or head of the academy (大学頭, Daigaku-no-kami) was responsible for the examination of students and the celebration of festivals associated with Confucius and his disciples.[6]
Educational authorities associated with the Daigaku-ryō included:
- Chief experts on the history of Japan and China (紀伝博士,, Kiden hakase).[2]
- Chief experts on classical Chinese works (明経博士,, Myōgyō hakase).[2]
- Chief experts on jurisprudence of Japan and China (明法博士,, Myōbō hakase).[2]
- Chief experts on mathematics (算博士,, San hakase).[2]
- Instructors of Japanese and Chinese literature (直講,, Chok'kō) -- two positions.[2]
- Instructors in pronunciation of words (音博士,, On hakase) -- two positions.[2]
- Instructors in calligraphy (書博士,, Sho hakase) -- two positions.[2]
History
Prince Yamabe (who later became Emperor Kanmu) was Daigaku-no-kami in 766 (Tenpyō-jingo 2).[7]
The institution had become a hollow shell by the Engi era (901-923), but its fortunes revived somewhat under the patronage of Emperor Daigo.[8]
See also
- Taixue, the highest rank of educational establishment in Ancient China between the Han Dynasty and Sui Dynasty
- Yushima Seidō