David Kvitko

He studied at several US universities, gaining a doctorate at Columbia University for A Philosophic Study of Tolstoy (1927), which was the first American book-length study of Leo Tolstoy.^[2] His doctorate was assessed by a committee consisting of John Jacob Koss, Irwin Edman, Herbert Schneider and John Cooley who did not share his Marxist-Leninism. Kvitko argued that Tolstoy was revolutionary rather than a reformist, i.e. he did not think that shorter working hours and higher wages would resolve the problems in society. While pointing out inconsistencies in Tolstoy views on such matters as art, he nevertheless also grounded his critique on a psychological view of Tolstoy based on William James's approach. Rather than dwelling on inconsistencies he found in the work of Tolstoy, he regarded Tolstoy's views as rooted in his temperament, whereby his pacifism is derived from his pessimism and quietism.^[3]