De Gruytters carillon book

The De Gruytters carillon book (Dutch: De Gruijtters beiaardboek) is a manuscript notebook that the Flemish Baroque musician Joannes de Gruytters used for performance on the carillon of the city of Antwerp. It contains 194 pieces of music, mostly arrangements and a few original compositions, in the form of marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, preludes, and minuets, among others.

Full titleAndantes, marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, courantes, contra dances, allegros, preludes, minuets, trios, etc. etc. for the carillon or bell-play, gathered together and arranged by myself, Joannes de Gruytters, carillon- or bell-player of the city and cathedral of Antwerp, 1746

Year1746

PeriodBaroque

Movements194 pieces

Quick facts Full title, Year ...

De Gruytters carillon book
Carillon music by Joannes de Gruytters
Title page of the notebook written in Dutch
Full title	Andantes, marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, courantes, contra dances, allegros, preludes, minuets, trios, etc. etc. for the carillon or bell-play, gathered together and arranged by myself, Joannes de Gruytters, carillon- or bell-player of the city and cathedral of Antwerp, 1746
Year	1746 (1746)
Period	Baroque
Movements	194 pieces

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The manuscript, dated 1746 and discovered in 1922, provides a glimpse into the music of the 18th century that was often played on carillons. It is preserved at the Royal Conservatoire Antwerp.

History

In the 18th century, the Antwerp Cathedral possessed two carillons cast by the Hemony brothers. One belonged to the city of Antwerp, and the other was owned by the cathedral.^[1] On 22 October 1740, following the death of the previous appointee, Joannes de Gruytters (1709–1772)^[2] was appointed the carillonneur of the two instruments. He had performed in a competition to win the job.^[3] To financially support himself and his family, De Gruytters also played the cathedral chapel's organ and in 1746 was engaged as a violinist for the chapel and the local theatre.^[4] In March 1746, the theatre was destroyed in a fire, which likely gave him the free time to compile a notebook of music for the carillons.^[5]

In 1922, Prosper Verheyden, clerk of the Antwerp city council and bibliophile, discovered the De Gruytters manuscript at a book auction in a pile of materials marked for their little value.^[6] At the time, Verheyden was a member of a group of Flemish Belgians who were organizing around Jef Denyn and his carillon school as a means to disseminate Flemish culture. Verheyden understood that carillon music manuscripts prior to 1900 were rare, and that he therefore discovered an item of value to carillonneurs and musicologists. He and his friend purchased the manuscript and donated it to the Royal Conservatoire Antwerp for preservation.^[6]

Verheyden studied the new manuscript and presented his findings in an address at the World Carillon Congress in 1922. It was later published as an article in The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America (GCNA)'s 1949 volume of The Bulletin.^[7] An urtext edition of the De Gruytters manuscript was published by the Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry in 1968^[8] and again by Broekmans & Van Poppel in 1971.^[9] The GCNA published its own set of selections from the De Gruytters manuscript in 1980, edited by Albert Gerken;^[10] it published another set in 2004, edited by John Gouwens.^[11]

Significance

De Gruytters' manuscript is the earliest-known collection of carillon music that was clearly written for manual play on a carillon keyboard rather than an automatic playing drum. The latter is the case for other sources of carillon music of this time period and earlier.^[12] More importantly, it shows that the instrument was attracting better musicians, some of whom were determined to contribute to the carillon repertoire.^[13]

The manuscript is an in folio of 80 sheets, 320 by 205 millimetres (12.6 by 8.1 in) in size. The pages, beginning on the second sheet, are numbered 1 to 152 and are followed by a table of contents at the end.^[14] The front page of the manuscript is titled "ANDANTEN, / marchen, gavotte, Ariaen, giúen, / Corenten, Contre-danſen, Allegros, / preludies, menuetten, trion, &. &. / Voor. Den. BEŸAERT. OFTE. / kLok-SPIL. / Bÿ een vergardert ende op geſtelt. / Door mÿ / Ioannes, de, grúÿtters, / beÿart ofte klok-ſpilder der / ſtadt ende Chatedraele. / TOT, ANTWERPEN / 1746", which translates to "Andantes, marches, gavottes, arias, gigues, courantes, contra dances, allegros, preludes, minuets, trios, etc. etc. for the carillon or bell-play, gathered together and arranged by myself, Joannes de Gruytters, carillon- or bell-player of the city and cathedral of Antwerp, 1746".^[14]

The whole book contains 194 individual pieces of Baroque music, numbered 1 to 190; the last four were not numbered. De Gruytters signed his initials three times (numbers 143, 168, and 182) and provided dates eight times (numbers 88, 141, 143, 168, 175, 182, 190, 192). He attributes two additional works to himself in the table of contents (numbers 172 and 179).^[15]

The majority of the pieces are written in two-part harmony, consisting of a soprano part with an underlying basso continuo. Harmonic additions are sporadically added. One exception is number 93, which has four-part harmony. To De Gruytters, the melodic line, accentuated with ornaments, had more importance than the harmonic treatment of each work, which is standard practice for 18th century music.^[16] In his edition of the manuscript, Albert Gerken writes that many of the selections are unplayable in their original form and that De Gruytters must have played them ad libitum. Gerken claims they contain many errors or simply illegible notation, showing that De Gruytters either transcribed them by listening alone or carelessly copied the sheet music.^[17]

More information No., Page ...

No.	Page	Title on the table of contents^[18]	Title on the music^[19]	Key	Composer	Notes
1	1	Marche van hanover	Marche De Hanover	D major	Franz Xaver Richter^[20]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Compose par: M: Richter a hanover."
2	2	Marche D♯	Marche	D major	Unknown
3	2–3	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
4	3	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
5	4	Marche D♯	Marche	D major	Unknown
6	5	Menuet D♯ Locatelli	Menuet da p: Locatelli	D major	Pietro Locatelli^[21]
7	5	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
8	6	Marche D♯	Marche	D major	Unknown
9	6	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Pietro Locatelli^[22]
10	7	Marche van hardtop D♯	Marche D'hartop	D major	Unknown
11	8–9	Marche van Lingie D♯	Marche De prins De Lingie cavalerie	D major	Unknown
12	9	Allemande D♯	Allemande	D major	Unknown
13	9	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
14	10	Menuet de la reine D♯	Menuet De La reine	D major	Unknown
15	10–11	Suitte D♯	Suitte	D major	Unknown
16	11	Contredans D♯	Conterdans	D major	Unknown
17	11	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
18	12	Cruÿs Capelleken D♯	Cruÿs Capelleken	D major	Unknown
19	12–13	Burschen omeganck D♯	Den brusschen Omeganck of De Drÿ Sotten	D major	Unknown
20	13	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
21	14	Marche G	Marche	G major	Unknown
22	15	Giga G	Giga	G major	Unknown
23	15	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
24	16–17	Giga Corelli A♮	Giga Corelli	A minor	Arcangelo Corelli^[21]
25	17	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Unknown
26	18	Soet Chatrintien G	Soet chatarintjen	G major	Unknown
27	18	Soet Chatrintien G	Soet chatarintjen	G major	Unknown	Equivalent to No. 26 transposed up one octave^[23]
28	18–19	La bourbonoise G Couprin	La borbonoise	G major	François Couperin^[24]
29	19	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
30	20	Menuet a quatre D♮	Menuet a quatre	D minor	Unknown
31	20	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
32	21	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
33	22	Marche F	Marche	F major	Unknown
34	23	Menuet F	Menuet	F major	Unknown
35	23	Menuet F	Menuet	F major	Unknown
36	24	Aria A♮	Aria	A minor	Unknown
37	24	Mattelote A♮	Air	A minor	Unknown
38	25	Aria G	Air	G major	Unknown
39	25	Contredans D♯	Conterdans	D major	Unknown
40	26	Marche F	Marche	F major	Unknown
41	27	Menuet F	Menuet	F major	Unknown
42	28–29	Andante G Raÿck	Andante par M: Raÿck	G major	Dieudonné Raijck^[25]
43	29	Gavotte G handel	Gavotta Del Sig: handel	G major	George Frideric Handel^[26]
44	30	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
45	30	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
46	30	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
47	31	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
48	31	Giga C	Apel	C major	Unknown
49	32–33	Andante D♮ fiocco	Andante	D minor	Joseph-Hector Fiocco^[27]	Transcription from Fiocco's Suite in G Major, Op. 1, No. 1.
50	33	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
51	34	Marche F	Marche	F major	Unknown
52	35	Menuet F	Menuet	F major	Unknown
53	35	Menuet C	Menuet	C major	Unknown
54	36	Giga Corelli A♮	Giga De Correlli	A minor	Arcangelo Corelli^[21]
55	37	Air G	Aria	G major	Unknown
56	38–39	Andante C Locatelli	Andante	C major	Pietro Locatelli^[21]
57	40–41	Andante G croes	Sonata Andante	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
58	42–43	Giga G croes	Giga Allegro	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[28]
59	44–45	Menuet G croes	Menuet alternatif	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
60	45	Menuet G♭ croes	Suÿtte	G minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
61	46–47	Andante F renotte	Andante	F major	Hubert Renotte^[29]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Author Renotte"
62	48–49	Andante G Raÿck	Andante	G major	Dieudonné Raijck^[30]
63	49	Vivace G Raÿck	Vivace	G major	Dieudonné Raijck^[31]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Auth: Mr Raÿck."
64	50–51	Andante G Raÿck	Andante	G major	Dieudonné Raijck^[32]
65	52–53	Allegro F Scheppers	Allegro	F major	Scheppers (either Pieter or his brother Boudewijn)^[29]
66	54–55	Andante D♯ Raÿck	Andante	D major	Dieudonné Raijck^[25]
67	55	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
68	56	Marche C	Marche van duÿtsmeester	C major	Unknown
69	56–57	Suitte C	Suitte	C major	Unknown
70	57	Menuet C	Menuet	C major	Unknown
71	58–59	La grotte De versaille A	La grotte De versalies	A minor	Unknown
72	59	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Unknown
73	60–61	Corrente A♮ Lulli	Courante	A minor	Jean-Baptiste Lully^[26]
74	61	Air A♮	Air	A minor	Unknown
75	62	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Unknown
76	62	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Unknown
77	62–63	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Unknown
78	63	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
79	64	Marche G	Marche De Los rios	G major	Unknown
80	64–65	Air G	Aria	G major	Unknown
81	65	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
82	66	Preludium C	Preludium quinti toni	C major	Unknown
83	66–67	Menuet C De fesch	Menuet par De fesch	C major	Willem de Fesch^[33]
84	67	Menuet C De fesch	Suitte	C major	Willem de Fesch^[34]
85	68–69	La bergeri C Couprin	La bergeri	C major	François Couperin^[35]
86	70	Andante C	Andante	C major	François Couperin^[26]
87	71	Allegro A♮	Allegro moderato	A minor	Unknown
88	72	Marche C	Marche Du grand turcq	C major	Unknown	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Den 14 ougst 1746 in Antwerpen"^[36]
89	73	Menuet D♮ De Comte De Sax	Menuet De Comte De Sax 1746 composé	D minor	Unknown
90	73	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
91	74	Marche G	Marche van Drouvigen oliver	G major	Colfs (either Antoon or his son Josef)^[37]
92	75	Andante A♮	Andante	A minor	Unknown
93	76	Marche C	Marche De konik Seyx	C major	Unknown
94	77	Marche G van hessen	Marche van hessen	G major	Unknown
95	78	Gavotte A♮	Gavotta vivace	A minor	Unknown
96	79	Giga C	Giga	C major	François Couperin^[38]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "par Couprin"
97	80	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
98	80	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
99	81	Marche G	Marche De Wourenbrandt	G major	Unknown
100	82	Marche G	Marche De malbrouk	G major	Unknown	Named after the Duke of Marlborough^[39]
101	83	Marche G	Marche van beÿeren	G major	Unknown
102	83	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
103	84	Contredans D♮	Contredanse	D minor	Unknown
104	84–85	Menuet D	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
105	85	Aria A♮	Aria	A minor	Unknown
106	85	Giga C	Untitled	C major	Unknown
107	86	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
108	87	Marche G	Marche	G major	Unknown
109	88	Menuet G baustetter	Menuet par Mr baustetter	G major	Jan Koenraad Baustetter^[40]
110	88	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
111	89	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
112	90	Marche C	Marche van beÿeren	C major	Unknown
113	90	Menuet C	Menuet	C major	Unknown
114	91	Marche C Colfs	Marche par M: Colfs a Malines	C major	Colfs (either Antoon or his son Josef)^[29]
115	92	Menuet C	Menuet	C major	Unknown
116	92–93	Menuet C	Suitte	C major	Unknown
117	93	Menuet C touscaen	Menuet touscaen	C major	Unknown
118	94	Air G	Aria	G major	Unknown
119	94	La fanaticq G	La fanaticq	G major	Unknown
120	95	Marche D♮	Marche van de begÿnen	D minor	Unknown
121	95	Marche C	Marche van keÿserug	C major	Unknown
122	96	Gavotta A♮ De fesch	Tempo di gavotta	A minor	Willem de Fesch^[41]
123	97	Con variatio	Double Di tempo Di gavotta	C minor	Willem de Fesch^[42]
124	98	Contredans G	Untitled	G major	Unknown
125	98	Contredans G	Contredanze	G major	Unknown
126	99	Rigodon C	Rigodon	C major	Unknown
127	99	Suitte C	Suitte	C major	Unknown
128	100	Menuet D♮ Raÿck	Menuet par Mr Raÿck	D minor	Dieudonné Raijck^[43]
129	100–01	Menuet D♮ Raÿck	Suitte 2em menuet	D minor	Dieudonné Raijck^[44]
130	102	Condredans D♮	Mamatje Lief	D minor	Unknown
131	102	Contredans G	Contredanse	G major	Unknown
132	103	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
133	103	Menuet G	Suitte	G major	Unknown
134	104	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
135	104–05	Marche C	Marche	C major	Unknown
136	105	Marche C	Marche	C major	Unknown
137	105	Menuet C	Menuet	C major	Unknown
138	106	Gavotte D♮ fiocco	Gavotta par Mr fiocco	D minor	Joseph-Hector Fiocco^[45]
139	106–07	Gavotte D♯ fiocco	Suitte 2me gavotte	D major	Joseph-Hector Fiocco^[46]
140	107	Gavotte A♮	Gavotte	A minor	Unknown	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Fin wevers marche."^[47]
141	108–09	Andante G baustetter	Andante	G major	Jan Koenraad Baustetter^[26]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "22 junÿ 1744."^[47]
142	110	Marche du Roÿ D♯	La Marche Du Roÿ	D major	Unknown
143	110	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Joannes de Gruytters^[48]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "16 ougst 1746. i D. G."^[47]
144	111	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
145	111	Menuet G	Menuet	G major	Unknown
146	112–13	La ferlande C	Untitled	C major	Unknown
147	113	Marche D♯	Marche	D major	Unknown
148	114	Marche G Dese is er 2 mael	Marche	G major	Unknown	Title translates to "This is the 2nd time"^[47]
149	114–15	Menuet G croes	Menuet par M Croes	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
150	115	Marche D♯	Marche	D major	Unknown
151	116	Menuet G croes	Menuet alternatif par croes	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
152	116–17	Menuet G♭ croes	Trio	G minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
153	117	Menuet G croes	Menuet alternatif	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
154	118	Menuet G croes	Menuet champetre par M croes	G major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
155	118–19	Menuet G♭ croes	Trio	G minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
156	119	Le carlion Dunÿkercke G	het Carillion van Duÿnkerke	G major	Unknown	Named after Dunkirk^[39]
157	120	Menuet D♯ croes	Menuet alternatif par M croes	D major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[49]
158	120–21	Menuet D♮ croes	Trio	D minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[50]
159	121	borre D♮	boure	D minor	Unknown
160	122	Menuet A♯ croes	Menuet alternatif par M croes	A major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
161	122	Menuet A♮ croes	Trio	A minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
162	123	Menuet D♯ belsier	Menuet alternatif par M belsier	D major	Antoon Belsier^[25]
163	123	Menuet D♯ belsier	Trio	D major	Antoon Belsier^[25]
164	124	Menuet A♯ croes	Menuet alternatif par M croes	A major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
165	124–25	Menuet A♮ croes	Trio	A minor	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
166	125	De Meÿ G	De meÿ	G major	Unknown
167	126	Marche A♯	Marche	A major	Unknown
168	126	Menuet A♮	Menuet	A minor	Joannes de Gruytters^[51]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "I D G. 20 aug. 1746."^[47]
169	127	Paisande D♮	Paisande	D minor	Unknown
170	127	Menuet D♮	Menuet	D minor	Unknown
171	128–29	L'angloise G fiocco	L'Angloise Rondeau	G major	Joseph-Hector Fiocco^[52]
172	130–31	Ceciliana D♮ gruÿtters	Ceciliana	D minor	Joannes de Gruytters^[53]
173	132	Menuet D♯	Menuet	D major	Unknown
174	132	Menuet D♮	Trio	D minor	Unknown
175	133	Ceciliene G Couprin	Ceciliene	G major	François Couperin^[26]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Auth: Couprin. scrip.: 16 7bre 1746 in antverp:"^[47]
176	134	Giga D♮ Couprin	Untitled	D minor	François Couperin^[54]
177	134	Giga D♯ Couprin	Suitte	D major	François Couperin^[55]
178	135	Contredans D♮	Contredanse	D minor	Unknown
179	136–37	Andante A♮ gruÿtters	Andante	A minor	Joannes de Gruytters^[56]
180	138	Menuett G baustetter	Menuet par Mr baustetter	G major	Jan Koenraad Baustetter^[57]
181	138–39	Menuet G♭ baust	Suitte	G minor	Jan Koenraad Baustetter^[58]
182	139	Menuet G gruÿtters	Menuet	G major	Joannes de Gruytters^[59]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "19 7bre 1746. i : d : g :"^[21]
183	140–41	Andante C croes	Sonata Andante	C major	Henri-Jacques de Croes^[25]
184	142–43	Allegro C	Allegro	C major	Unknown
185	144–45	Adagio F Vivaldi	Concerto par Mr Vivaldi	F major	Antonio Vivaldi^[60]
186	146	Adagio D♮ Vivaldi	Largo	D minor	Antonio Vivaldi^[61]
187	148–49	Allegro F Vivaldi	Allegro	F major	Antonio Vivaldi^[62]
188	150	La vandangieuse A♮ Coup:	Le vandangieuse par Couprin	A minor	François Couperin^[63]
189	151	Not listed	Menuet	C major	Unknown
190	151	Not listed	Suitte	C major	Antoon Belsier^[25]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "auth. belsier. 1745."^[21]
191	152	Tantum ergo van La forse	Tantum ergo par La forse	C major	Jacob La Fosse^[29]
192	152	en Hendrick	Tantum ergo par M hendrickx junior	C major	Jan Frans Hendrickx^[64]	At the end, De Gruytters writes: "Fecit 1743."^[21]
193	153	Maria Schoon	Maria Schoon	C major	Unknown	193 and 194 are combined in the table of contents as "Twee Maria Schoon"
194	154	Maria Schoon	Maria Schoon in sexti toni	F major	Unknown	193 and 194 are combined in the table of contents as "Twee Maria Schoon"

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De Gruytters carillon book

History

Significance

Contents

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

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