Decane

Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.[6][7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[8]

Quick facts Names, Identifiers ...
Decane
Skeletal formula of decane
Skeletal formula of decane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball-and-stick model of the decane molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Decane[1]
Other names
Decyl hydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1696981
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.262 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 204-686-4
MeSH decane
RTECS number
  • HD6550000
UNII
UN number 2247
  • InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 checkY
    Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
C10H22
Molar mass 142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density 0.730 g mL−1
Melting point −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P 5.802
Vapor pressure 195 Pa[2]
2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
−119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[3]
1.411–1.412
Viscosity
  • 0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)[4]
  • 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
315.46 J K−1 mol−1
425.89 J K−1 mol−1
−302.1 – −299.9 kJ mol−1
−6779.21 – −6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H226, H302, H304, H305
P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g. diesel fuelInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
2
0
Flash point 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits 0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • >2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels.[9]

Physical properties

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[10]

See also

References

External links

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