Desulfotomaculum
Genus of bacteria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Desulfotomaculum is a genus of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacteria. A type of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfotomaculum can cause food spoilage in poorly processed canned foods.[citation needed] Their presence can be identified by the release of hydrogen sulfide gas with its rotten egg smell when the can is first opened. They are endospore-forming bacteria.[citation needed]
| Desulfotomaculum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Kingdom: | Bacillati |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Clostridia |
| Order: | Desulfotomaculales |
| Family: | Desulfotomaculaceae |
| Genus: | Desulfotomaculum Campbell & Postgate 1965 |
| Type species | |
| Desulfotomaculum nigrificans[1] (Werkman & Weaver 1927) Campbell & Postgate 1965 | |
| Species[2] | |
| Synonyms | |
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In 2005, a new strain of Desulfotomaculum, called Desulforudis audaxviator, was discovered during drilling 2.8 km deep in the Mponeng gold mine in South Africa. The strain, found in water which has been isolated for tens of millions of years, exists completely independent of photosynthesis.[3] The bacteria use radiolytically produced hydrogen gas, which is generated in that environment by the energy released by radioisotopes. The bacteria also use sulfates. Sulfates may be generated both by the energy released by radioisotopes as well as by other chemical reactions. Generated hydrogen sulfide may be a continuous energy source for this organism.[4] Some organisms can obtain energy from sources other than from the sun or other stars, which means similar lifeforms may be found on other planets in the Solar System and elsewhere.[citation needed]
Desulfotomaculum present as straight or curved rods. They are highly heat resistant and free-living fixers of atmospheric nitrogen. They are motile with peritrichous flagella and are common inhabitants of soil, water, geothermal run-off, insect intestines and in rumen. They also cause "sulphide stinker" spoilage of canned foods.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[2]
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Unassigned species:
- D. carboxydivorans Parshina et al. 2005
- "D. copahuensis" Willis Poratti et al. 2016
- D. arcticum synonym of Desulfotruncus arcticus (Vandieken, Knoblauch & Jorgensen 2006) Watanabe, Fukui & Kuever 2021
- D. geothermicum synonym of Desulfoscipio geothermicus (Daumas, Cord-Ruwisch & Garcia 1990) Watanabe, Fukui & Kuever 2021
- D. halophilum synonym of Desulfohalotomaculum halophilum (Tardy-Jacquenod et al. 1998) Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2018
- D. thermoacetoxidans synonym of Desulfofundulus thermoacetoxidans (Min & Zinder 1995) Watanabe, Kojima & Fukui 2018