Deus seja louvado
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"Deus seja louvado" (In English, "God be praised") is an expression displayed in the left bottom part of all Brazilian real currency banknotes.[1] It exists since the 1980 decade, when the then President of the Republic, José Sarney, openly Catholic,[2] asked the Banco Central (Central Bank) to include the phrase in the cruzado coin. The Federal Government at the time got inspired by theist doctrines of other secular states such as the United States of America that were already using the motto "In God We Trust" in its dollar banknotes.
The first banknotes with the inscription were printed on February 24, 1986, when the executive order was presented to the Central Bank.[3] This way, the expression remained throughout time, including real banknotes.[4] Despite recent discussions and requests by secularist sectors of civil society for the phrase to be removed, it continues to be printed by the Central Bank, including new banknotes, printed since 2010.[5] Faced with attempts to remove the phrase on the banknotes by the Public Ministry, José Sarney stated: "I feel sorry for the man who does not believe in God on the face of the earth".[6]
Criticism
The phrase "God be praised" creates arguments because, according to some, it would be contrary to the secular state, which does not privilege any religion, although there is no consensus on the part of the religious communities, especially the Christian ones. To many people, the phrase would not take into account the existence of non-theistic communities such as agnostics, Buddhists and atheists, as well as adherents of other non-monotheistic religions, such as Hinduism and Afro-Brazilian religions, but the population is in its vast majority adept of Christianity, which does not imply popular dissatisfaction due to the phrase in the coin.[citation needed]
Attempts of removal
In December 2010, the Federal Public Ministry in São Paulo notified the Central Bank to offer an answer on behalf of an "offense to the secularism of the Federative Republic of Brazil", suing the Central Bank for keeping the term "God be praised" in real banknotes.[7] On November 12, 2012, the Regional Attorney's Office for Citizens' Rights asked the Federal Court to order the removal of the expression "God be praised" from the national currency banknotes, so as not to privilege any religion since the state is secular. The lawsuit was filed by Catholic prosecutor Jefferson Aparecido Dias.[8][9][10]
According to Dias, the measure "would not cause expenses to the public finances, since a period of 120 days would be given so that the Casa da Moeda (Brazilian mint) begins to print the new notes without the phrase". He also said that no law authorizes the inclusion of religious expressions in money. In addition, he said that the purpose of the lawsuit is to safeguard the right of religious freedom of all citizens.[11] "Let's imagine the real note with the following expressions: Allah be praised, Buddha be praised, Save Oxossi, Save Lord Ganesha, God does not exist. There would certainly be agitation in Brazilian society because of the embarrassment suffered by citizens believers in God," says an excerpt from the Attorney's complaint.[11]
Christian and political leaders came out with strong criticisms of the representation. Pastor Silas Malafaia said in a video posted on his website that the prosecutor is the same person who accepted and filed a homophobia complaint against him: "I'm suspicious that this prosecutor has nothing to do. I think the Attorney General has to get a job for this citizen".[12][13] Malafaia also recalled that the Constitution is presented as being elaborated "under the protection of God", and that the prosecutor should also propose the change of the name of states such as Santa Catarina ("St. Catherine"), São Paulo ("St. Paul") and Espírito Santo ("Holy Ghost"), in addition to national Catholic holidays.[12]
The secretary-general of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB), which is part of the Catholic Church hierarchy, Archbishop Leonardo Ulrich Steiner, said:[14] "We should be concerned about much more essential things. Many people will only notice the phrase after this lawsuit. This type of lawsuit is not new! The phrase will now recall the presence of God in the life of the Brazilian people". For Dom Leonardo, the expression "does not embarrass, but it can annoy those who say they do not believe". "People who live their faith, in their various expressions, certainly do not feel embarrassed, for they live on the greatness of transcendence. It's that faith is not at first worshipping a god, but relationship. If the phrase reminds of a relationship, it could be remembered that money itself must be at the service of people, especially the poor, in sharing and in solidarity. If so, God be praised!" says the bishop.[14]
Court's decision
On November 30, 2012, the Federal Court denied the Federal Public Prosecutor's request to enforce the Federal Government and the Central Bank to remove, in up to 120 days, the phrase of Brazilian real notes.[15] In three pages of the decision, it is reported that the Public Ministry did not provide evidence that there was "opposition to the statements inscribed on the banknote within the social sphere". The judge pointed out that the Federal Public Ministry in São Paulo did not listen to secular or religious institutions of other denominations demonstrating opposition to the presence of the phrase in the banknotes.[16]
The court decision said that "the citation of God in the notes does not seem to be a targeting of the state in the life of an individual that forces him to adopt or not a certain belief". The preliminary decision[17] was subsequently sustained. In 2013 Federal Judge Diana Brunstein, of the Civil Court of São Paulo, denied the request made by the Federal Public Ministry[18] to remove the expression "God be praised" from the real banknotes. The same judge had already denied a preliminary injunction in November 2012.[19] The Union Attorney's office argued that the expression "God be praised" in real notes does not repel the secularism of the state. "(...) The Brazilian state does not disavows the faith. On the contrary, it supports the religious value when it facilitates the practice of acts of faith professed by the population and adopts religious holidays (...)".[20]
See also
References
- ↑ Rinaldi, Renata; Nery, Vanda Cunha Albieri (2009). "O real significado: Análise semiótica das cédulas do Plano Real" [The Real Meaning: Semiotic analysis of Real Plan banknotes] (in Portuguese). Revista Idea. Archived from the original (pdf) on 6 December 2014. Retrieved 23 Mar 2011.
- ↑ "José Sarney não quer retirada de frase do real" [José Sarney does not want phrase removal from the real] (in Portuguese). Folha Maranhão. 16 Nov 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ Setti, Ricardo (18 Oct 2003). "Deixem Deus em paz" [Leave God alone] (in Portuguese). CRE. Retrieved 28 Dec 2003.
- ↑ Banco Central. "Museu de Valores do Banco Central" [Museum of Values of the Central Bank] (in Portuguese). Banco Central. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 27 Dec 2010.
- ↑ Grinbaum, Victor (3 Feb 2010). "Banco Central lança novas cédulas do real" [Central Bank launches new real banknotes] (in Portuguese). O Repórter. Retrieved 19 Mar 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Sarney diz que retirar menção a Deus de cédulas é 'falta do que fazer'" [Sarney says that removing mention of God from banknotes is 'lacking of anything else to do'] (in Portuguese). Portal G1. 13 Nov 2012.
- ↑ Jardim, Lauro (2012). "Procurador do MPF quer retirar o termo "Deus seja louvado" das cédulas de Real" [Prosecutor of the Federal Public Ministry wants to remove the term "God be praised" from the real banknotes] (in Portuguese). VEJA. Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 11 Jun 2012.
- ↑ "MPF em SP pede retirada da frase 'Deus seja louvado' das notas de reais" [Federal Public Ministry in São Paulo requests the removal of the phrase 'God be praised' from the reais banknotes] (in Portuguese). Portal G1. Retrieved 12 Nov 2012.
- ↑ Rehder, Marcelo (13 Nov 2012). "MP quer real sem 'Deus seja louvado'" [Public Ministry wants real without 'God be praised'] (in Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 16 Nov 2012.
- ↑ "Procuradoria pede retirada do termo 'Deus seja louvado' das cédulas de real" [Prosecutor requests the removal of the term 'God be praised' from real banknotes] (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. 12 Nov 2012. Retrieved 16 Nov 2012.
- 1 2 "Procuradoria quer excluir 'Deus seja louvado' das notas" [Prosecutor wants to exclude 'God be praised' from the banknotes] (in Portuguese). Exame. 12 Nov 2012. Retrieved 16 Nov 2012.
- 1 2 Chagas, Tiago (15 Nov 2012). "Silas Malafaia, Marco Feliciano, Magno Malta e Sarney comentam polêmica com as notas de real: "Tenho pena de quem não acredita em Deus"" [Silas Malafaia, Marco Feliciano, Magno Malta and Sarney comment controversy with the real banknotes: "I pity those who do not believe in God"] (in Portuguese). Gospel+. Retrieved 16 Nov 2012.
- ↑ Ribeiro, Tadeu (14 Nov 2012). "Silas Malafaia e Sarney comentam retirada do "Deus seja louvado" do real" [Silas Malafaia and Sarney comment on removal of "God be praised" from the real] (in Portuguese). Gospel Prime. Archived from the original on 19 November 2012. Retrieved 16 Nov 2012.
- 1 2 "Secretário Geral comenta pedido de retirada da expressão "Deus seja louvado" das cédulas de reais" [Secretary General comments on request for the removal of the expression "God be praised" from the reais banknotes] (in Portuguese). Arquidiocese de Fortaleza. 14 Nov 2012. Retrieved 26 Nov 2012.
- ↑ "Justiça Federal nega pedido para retirar "Deus seja louvado" das notas" [Federal Court denies request to renive "God be praised" from the banknotes] (in Portuguese). Diário de Pernambuco. 30 Nov 2012. Retrieved 3 Dec 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "Justiça Federal nega pedido para retirar "Deus seja louvado" das notas" [Federal Court denies request to remove "God be praised" from the banknotes] (in Portuguese). Correio do Estado. 1 Dec 2012. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 3 Dec 2012.
- ↑ "Decisão provisória da Justiça mantém frase "Deus seja louvado" nas cédulas" [Provisional Court Decision maintains "God be praised" on the banknotes] (in Portuguese). Época. 30 Nov 2012. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 8 Dec 2012.
- ↑ Brunstein, Diana (Jul 2013). "Decisão da Justiça Federal" [Federal Court decision] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Justiça Federal. Retrieved 13 Jun 2015.
- ↑ Rover, Tadeu (25 Jul 2013). "Judiciário não pode excluir frase religiosa de cédulas" [Judiciary can not exclude religious phrase from banknotes] (in Portuguese). Consultor Jurídico (ConJur). Retrieved 13 Jun 2015.
- ↑ Andretta Junior, Homero; Moretti, Natalia Pasquini (23 Jan 2013). "Contestação da Advocacia Geral da União" [Answer by the Union Attorney's office] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Advocacia Geral da União. Retrieved 13 Jun 2015.