Dictyophyllum
Extinct genus of ferns
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dictyophyllum is an extinct genus of ferns belonging to the family Dipteridaceae. It is known from the Triassic and Jurassic periods.[1][2] Like most other members of the family, it consists of multiple segments of pinnate leaflets connected to an arm, of which there were two per plant. The monophyly of the genus has been questioned, with a 2018 study suggested that the genus was polyphyletic as currently used.[3]
| Dictyophyllum Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
| |
| Leaves of Dictyophyllum castellanosi from the Middle Triassic of Argentina | |
 | |
| Reconstruction of Dictyophyllum menendezi from the Middle Triassic of Argentina, along with sketch of pinnae venation | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Gleicheniales |
| Family: | Dipteridaceae |
| Genus: | †Dictyophyllum Lindley and Hutton, 1834 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Species
Table copied from:[1]
| Species | Location and age | length of basal lamina uniting adjacent pinnae
(cm) |
Pinnae | Pinna
margin |
Angle of
2° vein |
Shape
of lobe/ pinnula |
Shapeof
1° order areoles |
Shape of 2° order areoles | Shape
of sori | ||
| length
(cm) |
number on each arm | Shape | |||||||||
| Dictyophyllum atuelense | Argentina and Antarctica,
Lower Jurassic |
unknown | 10 | unknown | unknown | pinnatipartite | 75–90° | straight to falcate | pentagonal to heptagonal elongated | pentagonal to heptagonal isodiametric | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum bremerense | Australia and South Africa, Upper Triassic | up to 3.5 | >14 | 7 | unknown | pinnatifid | 55–70° | triangular | rectangular to polygonal elongated | rectangular to polygonal | rounded or elongated |
| Dictyophyllum castellanosii | Argentina,
Middle Triassic |
1 | 4.5–6 | 4–5 | linear-lanceolate | lobate-serrate | 45–52° | ovate-acuminate | polygonal elongated | polygonal isodiametric | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum davidi | Australia,
Middle Triassic |
1–3 | 6–20 | 5–8 | lanceolate | dentate to pinnatifid | 45–65° | triangular | square, rhomboidal to heptagonal, elongated to isodiametric | indistinct | rounded or elongated |
| Dictyophyllum ellenbergii | South Africa, Upper Triassic | up to 3.5 | up to 20 | 5 | unknown | lobate | 65° | triangular to ovate | polygonal irregular | polygonal irregular | circular or elongated |
| Dictyophyllum exile | Laurasia, Upper Triassic to
Lower Jurassic |
0.2–1 | >17.5 | >17 | linear to linear-oblanceolate | lobate to pinnatifid | 60–90° | triangular | polygonal | polygonal | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum exquisitum | China, Upper Triassic | 0.5–1 | 5.5–7 | 6–7 | linear- lanceolate | lobate | 50° | triangular to falcate, apiculate | polygonal | polygonal | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum fuenzalidai | Chile, Upper Triassic | unknown | 35–40 | unknown | unknown | dentate | 80–90° | triangular-falcate | pentagonal- heptagonal isodiametric | polygonal | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum menendezii
sp. nov. |
Argentina,
Middle Triassic |
up to 3 | up to
8 |
5–6 | oblanceolate | entire to undulate | 70–75° | – | rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular, elongated | pentagonal, rhomboidal, irregular | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum nathorstii | Asia, Upper Triassic | 4–8 | 30–40 | 20–25 | linear to lanceolate | lobate | 60° | triangular to falcate, apiculate or obtuse | polygonal | polygonal | circular or variable |
| Dictyophyllum nilssonii | Greenland, Alaska, Sweden, Great Britain, China, Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic | 2–5 | >13 | 6–9 | linear | lobate to pinnatipartite | 60–90° | falcate | polygonal irregular | polygonal irregular | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum rugosum | Great Britain, Middle Jurassic | 1–2 | >50 | 4–5 | lanceolate | lobate to pinnatipartite or pinnatifid | 80° | triangular to linear-falcate | polygonal irregular | polygonal irregular | rounded |
| Dictyophyllum serratum | China, Upper Triassic | 1–2 | 12–15 | 5–13 | linear to lanceolate | lobate | 60–70° | falcate | polygonal | polygonal | unknown |
| Dictyophyllum tenuifolium | Argentina, Chile, Antarctica, Middle to Late Triassic, and Lower Jurassic | 1.5 | 6–15 | 5–7 | oblanceolate | dentate-lobate to pinnatifid | 60–90° | triangular | pentagonal to heptagonal elongated | rhomboidal and pentagonal isodiametric | circular |