Domenico Pacini
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Domenico Pacini (February 20, 1878 – May 23, 1934) was an Italian physicist noted for his contributions to the discovery of cosmic rays.[1]
Pacini was born in Marino near Rome. He studied science at Rome University and graduated in University of Rome in 1902. He then worked with Pietro Blaserna and Alfonso Sella. He studied the so-called N-ray described by Blondlot in 1904. He became an assistant at the "Regio Ufficio Centrale di Meteorologia e di Geodinamica" (Italian Agency of Meteorology and Geodynamics) from 1905 to 1927, where he studied lightning and weather phenomena. He taught geophysics from 1915 to 1925 at the University of Rome, then became a full professor of Experimental physics at the University of Bari from 1928. He established a physics division. He got married and died of pneumonia in Rome.[2]
It had been observed that an electroscope in a vessel at earth potential gradually lost its charge, even if very carefully insulated, due to the ionization of the air. Pacini observed simultaneous variations of the rate of ionization on mountains, over a lake, over the sea, and underwater. In an experiment performed in June 1911, Pacini concluded that ionization underwater was significantly lower than on the sea surface. He could then demonstrate that a certain part of the ionization itself must be due to sources other than the radioactivity of the Earth,[3] thus contributing[4] to the discovery of cosmic rays.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Alessandro De Angelis (2012). L'enigma dei raggi cosmici. Springer.
- ↑ De Angelis, A. (2011). "Domenico Pacini, uncredited pioneer of the discovery of cosmic rays". La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento. 33 (12): 713–756. doi:10.1393/ncr/i2011-10060-9.
- ↑ Pacini, Domenico (2010). "Penetrating Radiation at the Surface of and in Water". arXiv:1002.1810.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Carlson, Per; De Angelis, Alessandro (2011). "Nationalism and internationalism in science: The case of the discovery of cosmic rays". The European Physical Journal H. 35 (4): 309–329. arXiv:1012.5068. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2011-10033-6. S2CID 7635998.
- ↑ De Angelis, Alessandro; Giglietto, Nicola; Stramaglia, Sebastiano (2010), Domenico Pacini, the forgotten pioneer of the discovery of cosmic rays, arXiv, doi:10.48550/ARXIV.1002.2888, retrieved 2026-04-23
- ↑ Giglietto, N. (2011). "The contribution by Domenico Pacini to the Cosmic Ray Physics". Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements. 212–213: 3–12. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.03.002.
External links
- University of Pavia, Biography of Domenico Pacini
- A. De Angelis et al., "Domenico Pacini, un pioniere dimenticato dello studio dei raggi cosmici", Nuovo Saggiatore 24 (2008) 70.
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