Dover House Estate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Dover House Estate | |
|---|---|
 The Pleasance, a green space within the estate. | |
 Interactive map of Dover House Estate | |
| General information | |
| Location | Roehampton, London |
| Coordinates | 51°27′39″N 0°14′23″W / 51.4607°N 0.2397°W |
| Status | conservation area (19 September 1978) |
| Area | 147 acres (59 ha) |
| No. of units | 1212 houses |
| Construction | |
| Constructed | 1919 to 1929 |
| Authority | London County Council |
| Style | Cottage Estate |
| Influence | Garden city movement, Arts and Crafts movement |
| Other information | |
| Governing body | Wandsworth Conservation & Design Group[1] |
Dover House Estate is one of a number of important London County Council cottage estates inspired by the Garden city movement. The land was previously the estates of two large houses, Dover House and Putney Park House, which were purchased by the London County Council soon after World War I. Dover House was demolished for the new estate, but Putney Park House remains.[1]
Roehampton emerged as a favoured residential suburb of the 18th and 19th centuries following the opening of Putney Bridge in 1729 and the development of a number of large private estates from which several of the largest original houses survive. Roehampton House (grade I) by Thomas Archer was built between 1710–12 and enlarged by Sir Edwin Lutyens in 1910. Parkstead House (grade I) built in 1750 for William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough, now forms part of the University of Roehampton. Mount Clare (grade I) built in 1772 for George Clive, cousin of Lord Clive, which forms part of the University of Roehampton, along with Grove House (grade II*), built originally for Sir Joshua Vanneck in 1777 (also now owned by the university). Capability Brown is reputed to have laid out the grounds. The university also owns Downshire House (grade II*);[2] built in 1770 and once occupied by the Marquess of Downshire. Dramatic change came to Roehampton when the London County Council (LCC) built the Roehampton Estate in the 1920s and 1930s (renamed the Dover House Estate or the Dover House Road Estate). Later, in the 1950 the neighbouring Alton Estate was built.
History
In 1919, London County Council proposed an estate of about 1200 houses on the Putney House, and Dover House parkland, to fulfil a policy designed to relieve the pressure for 'Homes fit for heroes'. The Housing Act of 1919 incorporated generous subsidies for local authorities to build affordable housing for rent. The estate was meticulously planned with houses in short symmetrical terraces and pairs, with every house having a vista over green space. It was to be a self-contained community with a school and rows of shops. The layout where possible preserved prominent trees; the trees on the Pleasnace can be seen on 1787 Corris map.
Building started from the Upper Richmond Road and progressed to the Crestway. The first houses were completed in late 1920, but a financial overrun delayed the completion until 1927. The roads and sewers were in place in October 1921; H. Woodham and Sons was the contractor. 1921.[3]
The housing was only let to families where the man had a permanent job which limited it further to whitecollar workers and a limited number of blue collar workers. The first tenants were civil servants, teachers and bus drivers. LCC did not allow tenants to make any changes to the outside of the property or even alter the design of the parlour. This continued until the 1950s. Council contractors would cut the front hedges each summer to maintain a uniform height and appearance. It was a model estate.[4]
In the 1970s, the Newnes path development was built over the northern allotments, and a sheltered housing scheme built over St Margaret's Parish Hall.[3]
Private ownership has damaged the integrity of the overall design, with hard standings replacing some gardens and renovations to the cladding and the windows breaking up the previous unity of the design, the area was made into a Conservation Area in 1978,[5] to protect it by removing PD rights, and a management strategy put in place to encourage owners to reinstate original features.[6]
In the 1990s, the Vanneck Square development was built on the site of the former Huntingfield School. In 1991 Wandsworth Council was granted special powers by the then Department of the Environment to control virtually all alterations to the external appearance of houses on the Estate under an Article 4 Direction.[3]