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Comment: Structural issues haven't yet been address. See MOS:LAYOUTLovelyfurball (talk) 17:42, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
Comment: This is way off what we can accept, it's entirely written in LLM speak. See WP:NEWLLM. A human needs to write this draft, and it would be a huge task to do that. ChrysGalley (talk) 18:01, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
Comment: This is basically an essay, not an encyclopaedia article. It also seems to contain commentary and analysis by the author, which is not allowed (see WP:OR); Wikipedia articles should only summarise what reliable sources have previously published about a subject. DoubleGrazing (talk) 08:24, 13 March 2026 (UTC)
Ethics of care in Contemporary Art
Ethics of care in contemporary art is an emerging field of inquiry examining how care ethics shapes artistic practice, methodology, and institutional culture, connecting feminist philosophy, collectives practices, and political critique in contemporary art..[1][2]
Definition
Developed by feminist theorists since the 1980s, care ethics emphasizes relationality, interdependence, and responsibility for others as foundations of moral life[3]. In contemporary art, these principles are reframed as creative, collective, and material practices that shape how artworks are produced, circulated, and received[4]
Intersectional care-based artistic practices foreground process over product and collective maintenance over individual authorship. They draw on feminist, intersectional, and ecological perspectives to propose modes of creation grounded in mutual support, vulnerability, and situated knowledge.[1][5][6][7]
History
Theoretical background
Care ethics emerged within feminist philosophy as a critique of abstract, individualistic models of ethics, arguing that ethical relations are embedded in concrete contexts and power structures. Its application to Contemporary Art draws on three principal theoretical sources.
Book cover: Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, Matters of Care
Carol Gilligan's In a Different Voice (1982).[6] established the foundational distinction between an ethic of justice, based on individual rights and impartiality, and an ethic of care, based on relationships, responsibility, and empathy.[8]
Joan C. Tronto (1993), building on earlier work with Berenice Fisher, defined care as a political activity encompassing all practices necessary to maintain, continue, and repair the world[9]. She identified four phases: caring about (recognizing a need), taking care of (assuming responsibility), care-giving (meeting the need), and care-receiving (observing the response); and later added a fifth dimension of collective solidarity and citizenship (2013)[10]. These phases have been adopted by art theorists and practitioners to describe the relational dynamics of socially engaged artistic projects.[1]
María Puig de la Bellacasa in Matters of Care (2017)[7] extended the care theory beyond the human, situating it within ecological and more-than-human frameworks. She defined care as simultaneously labour, affect, and ethics/politics. Her posthumanist and materialist perspective has influenced artistic practices concerned with environmental care, interspecies relationships, and the agency of non-human entities[11].
Pioneering artistic practices
One of the earliest and most influential artistic engagements with care ethics is the work of American artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles. Her Manifesto! MAINTENANCE ART – – Proposal for an Exhibition "CARE", 1969[12] challenged the art world's valorization of creative "development", novelty, progress, individual genius, over "maintenance", preservation, repetition, repair. Ukeles argued that maintenance labour, historically feminized and underpaid, constituted a vital and creative act deserving recognition as art. Ukeles' work has been recognized as anticipating later feminist and ecological art practices, as well as the broader institutional turn toward care-based frameworks in the arts.[13][14]
Feminist and community-based practices Ukeles' focus on care as artistic subject matter aligns with a broader tradition of feminist art practice that interrogated the gendered division of labour and the devaluation of reproductive work[14]. Artists such as Ana Mendieta and Fina Miralles explored the relationship between the body, care, and environment through performance and land art. Later, collectives such as Group Material engaged with community-based and politically situated artistic production, emphasizing collaborative and relational modes of working.[1][15]
Key texts
Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Havard University Press.[6]
Nurock, Vanessa. 2010. Carol Gilligan et L’éthique Du Care. 1re éd. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.[8]
Puig de la Bellacasa, María. Matters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds. Minneapolis [Minn.]: University of Minnesota press, 2017.[7]
Ibos, Caroline. 2019. Mierle Laderman Ukeles et l’art comme laboratoire du care. «Lundi matin, après la révolution qui s’occupera des poubelles?» Cahiers du Genre, 66(1), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.3917/cdge.066.0157.[13]
Fokianaki, iLiana. 2020. The Bureau of Care: introductory notes on the care-less and care-full. e-flux journal; (113).[1]
Millner, Jacqueline, and Gretchen Coombs. 2022. Care Ethics and Art. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. [2]
Johnson, Allison. 2022. Radical Care as Social Action: Mierle Laderman Ukeles' Manifesto and Maintenance Art. Master's thesis, Harvard University Division of Continuing Education.[14]
Radicalizing Care: Feminist and Queer Activism in Curating: Book (2021, Berlin, Germany: Sternberg Press) by Lesia Prokopenko, Nataša Petrešin-Bachelez, Edna Bonhomme and others, exploring how feminist and queer care ethics inform curatorial practices through essays, case studies, and manifestos[16]
Ukeles, Mierle Laderman. (1969). Manifesto for Maintenance Art 1969!
https://queensmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Ukeles-Manifesto-for-Maintenance-Art-1969_5-pages.pdf
Johnson , Allison. 2022. Radical Care as Social Action: Mierle Laderman Ukeles' Manifesto and Maintenance Art. Master's thesis, Harvard University Division of Continuing Education.https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37371694
Prokopenko, Lesia; Petrešin-Bachelez, Nataša; Bonhomme, Edna; Gravenor, Vanessa; Prader, Nina (2022-03-31). Bosold, Brigit; Fritsch, Lena; Hofman, Vera; Krasny, Elke; Lingg, Sophie (eds.). Radicalizing Care: Feminist and Queer Activism in Curating. Publication Series of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna; Volume 26. Berlin, Allemagne: Sternberg Press. ISBN978-3-95679-590-9.
Comment: Structural issues haven't yet been address. See MOS:LAYOUT Lovelyfurball (talk) 17:42, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
