Draft:Khom
Historical term
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Khom (Thai: ขอม, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːm]) is a Thai- and Lao-language term referring to the people and civilization of the Mahindharapura Dynasty. However, due to 20th century nationalism and extremism, many people often misunderstood the term and it's meaning, which includes the increase in tension between Thais and Khmers during the Thai-Cambodian confict.
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A podcast between Professor Panthep Puapongpan (ปานเทพ พัวพงษ์พันธ์) and historian Mhom Korn (หม่อมกร) had talked about the Khom civilization, Thais and Khmers. Mhom Korn said that Dharanindravarman II who is Khom, married Queen Sri Jayarajacudamani who is Tai-Kradai (Before the formation of Sukhothai), which gave birth to Jayavarman VII who later consolidated power and unified the Khom Dynasty. Thus, Khom was closely related to Thai by marriage, not a full nationality.
Flawed and Misunderstood Usage
Thai thinker, Luang Wichitwathakan believed that contemporary Khmers are unrelated to the ethnic group responsible for the civilization, coining the term "Khom" for this purpose. However, The term has been misunderstood extensively in 20th-century Thai extremism, nationalism and fascism. For Example, Some Thais believed that Khoms are ethnic Thais, but Khom wasn't a nationality, instead it was a civilization, and that Thais and Khmers got their nation and power later on. (The formation of Thais and Khmers happened at the same time.)
The misunderstanding intensified in the 21st century with Social Media and the Internet. Instead of "Khom" symbolizing civilization, it has been used for cyberbullying and quarrels on the internet. This intensified with the Thai-Cambodian conflict.
Etymology
In Thai, the term khom has its roots in the Dvaravati Old Mon and Nyah Kur term *krɔɔm[1] meaning "under, below, beneath [prep.]; the under part of (sth.) (especially house) [noun]."[1][2] The vowel sequence also derived as a variant form: *krɔɔm → *kǝrɔɔm, *kǝnrɔɔm[1] in the Austroasiatic languages then later diversified to other language families as follows:[1]
- Austroasiatic languages
- Hmong–Mien languages
- Kra–Dai languages
- Proto-Kra–Dai and Hlai: *kom, kom ← *krom (Mon) ← *krɔɔm.[9]
- Proto-Tai: gom ← *krom (Mon) ← *krɔɔm.[9]
- Northern Thai and Lao: khom ← *krom (Mon) ← *krɔɔm.[1][10] (Note: the term khom, sometimes used to refer to the Khmer period in Siam,[1] not so much for the Khmer of Camboja proper,[11] as for the Mon-Khmer people of Lower Siam—lower Chao Phraya River Basin proper[12] from about 1000 CE to the latter half of the 13th century CE, which was subject to the Angkor empire.)[11]
- Tibeto-Burman languages
See also
- Khom Thai script, A type of Khom script used in Thailand